高温红外探测器用斯特林制冷机研究

Research on Stirling Cooler for High Operation Temperature Infrared Detector

斯特林制冷机是目前高温红外探测器最主要的冷却方式之一。近年来随着红外探测器件技术研究的不断进步,所需制冷温度也有望进一步提高,为提高制冷机效率,减小其质量和体积带来了可能。相比于低温区斯特林制冷机,制冷温度的提升以及斯特林制冷机排出器的存在,使得压缩机活塞处阻抗相位接近90°,导致压缩机与冷指的阻抗匹配也更加困难,目前国际上缺乏160 K以上温区微型斯特林制冷机的深入研究。为同时满足红外探测器在高温区对制冷机结构紧凑性、高效等要求,本文针对制冷温度为220 K的微型斯特林制冷机开展压缩机与冷指间阻抗匹配特性研究,将压缩机活塞直径从原来的8.5 mm提高到10.5 mm。在此基础上,对结构及运行参数进行优化。当环境温度在-20~60℃内变化时,在220 K获得2 W制冷量,压缩机耗功均小于8 W。环境温度为25℃和60℃时,相对卡诺效率分别达到了10.4%和12.4%。

Stirling cooler is the main cooling source for high operation temperature infrared detec-tor.In recent years,with the continuous development of infrared detection technology,the cooling temperature of Stirling cooler is expected to be further increased,which brings the possibility to improve the efficiency and compactness of the Stirling cooler and reduce its weight.The decrease of the temperature ratio and the existence of the displacer of the Stirling cooler make the impedance phase around the compressor piston close to 90°,and the impedance matching between the com-pressor and the cold finger becomes more difficult.At present,there is a lack of in-depth research on the micro Stirling cooler at temperature zone above 160 K.In order to meet the requirements of the infrared detector on the compactness and high efficiency of the cooler in the high operation temperature region,the impedance matching characteristics of a minor Stirling cooler with a cooling temperature of 220 K are studied,the diameter of compressor piston is increased from 8.5 mm to 10.5 mm.The structural and operating parameters are optimized on this basis.When the ambient temperature changes within−20∼60℃,the power consumption of the compressor is less than 8 W to obtain the cooling power of 2 W@220 K.The relative Carnot efficiency reaches 10.4% and 12.4% at 25℃ and 60℃,respectively.