基于营造逻辑的白族传统民居木构架区划研究

A Zoning Study on the Wood-Frame Structures of Bai People's Traditional Dwellings Based on Construction Logic

本文在对大理白族聚居区25个典型聚落调研的基础上,对白族传统民居的木构架进行了类型梳理与区划研究。首先,将木构架拆解为檩柱组合形式、承檩结构、厦子形式3个关键部分,根据各部分的不同做法将所调查到的57种构架形式归纳为3个大类、7个分支;接着考察不同分支的地理分布特征,划分出中心系、北部系两个主要区系;最后总结出技术传统、地理区位与历史沿革3个影响木构架区划的核心因素,民族内生技术传统的不断发展和地区/民族间技术的传播交流,共同造就了白族传统民居木构架的丰富形式。

Based on the investigation of 25 typical settlements in Dali,the Bai people's homeland,this paper studies the types and zoning of the wood-frame structures of Bai people's traditional dwelling.Firstly,the wood-frame structure is divided into three key parts based on its form:the purlin-column part,the purlin-bearing part,and the porch roof.And the 57 structure forms found are summarized into 3 types with 7 branches.Secondly,after investigating the distribution of all the types and branches,two main zones,the central zone and the northern zone,are worked out.Lastly,it comes out with the conclusion that technology tradition,location and historical administrative division are the three key factors that infect the zoning of wood-frame structures.The continuous development and communication of technologies between ethnic groups/districts have created the variety of the wood-frame structures of Bai people's traditional dwellings.