对农村土地集体所有权主体身份的历史考察及其启示

A Historical Investigation on the Subject Identity of Rural Land Collective Ownership and Its Implications

伴随新中国的成立,经由农村土地改革运动,农民成为农村土地所有权人。此后,经过农业合作化运动,农业合作社高级社成为农村土地所有权人。农村人民公社体制下,农村土地所有权人被变更为生产队,或者大队、人民公社。人民公社体制解体前,农村土地集体所有权人主体身份是清晰的。这种清晰性体现在社员与所有权人之间的关系、所有权人与其他非社员的社会主体之间的关系等各种社会关系方面。当下,在农村土地承包经营体制下,明晰农村土地集体所有权人的主体身份,也应当从其与各类社会主体所建构的社会关系方面加以考察。

With the founding of the New China,farmers have become rural land owners through the rural land reform movement.Since then,the senior agricultural cooperatives has become the rural land owners through the agricultural cooperative movement.Under the people's commune system,the owners of rural land were changed to production teams,or brigades,or people's communes.Before the disintegration of the people's commune system,the subject identity of the collective owner of rural land was clear.This clarity is reflected in all kinds of social relationships.Under rural land contract management system,in order to clarify the subject identity of rural land collective owners,we should also examine the relationship between them and various social subjects.