综合实践活动课程实施的困境及其超越——基于具身认知的视角

The Dilemma and Transcendence of Comprehensive Practical Activities Curriculum Implementation--From the Perspective of Embodied Cognition

综合实践活动课程是一门跨学科实践性课程,也是一种身心合一的实践与经验互动。综合实践活动课程实施的逻辑支点是身心一体、心智统一和嵌入环境的身体,当教育者一味地忽视和限制学生的身体参与、体验与发展时,就会造成学生身不由己、知行割裂、身心分离、身体物化等综合实践活动课程实施的“离身之困”,从而导致课程实施效果事倍功半。具身认知理论强调心智、身体和环境三者的交互作用,能够为综合实践活动课程的实施提供理论支撑和路径指引。为破除综合实践活动课程实施的“离身之困”,基于具身认知的视角,从学生的身体出发,提出创设基于“身体在场”的实施环境、构建基于“知行合一”的实施内容、确立基于“身心合一”的实施方式、形成指向“身心解放”的实施评价等一系列优化路径,以期实现身体在综合实践活动课程中的复归。

The interdisciplinary practice-based course,known as Comprehensive Practical Activities(CPA)course,represents a holistic integration of mind and body through practical experiences.The logical foundation of implementing the CPA course lies in the unity of mind and body,the integration of mental faculties,and the embodiment of the environment.Neglecting and restricting students'physical participation and experiential development can result in challenges known as the“disembodiment dilemma”in the implementation of the CPA course,leading to diminished effectiveness.Embodied cognition theory emphasizes the interaction among the mind,body,and environment,providing theoretical support and guidance for the implementation of the CPA course.To overcome these challenges,and from an embodied cognition perspective,it is proposed to establish an implementation environment based on“physical presence,”construct implementation content based on“unity of knowledge and practice,”establish an implementation approach based on“integration of mind and body,”and form an implementation evaluation that aims for“physical and mental liberation.”These optimization pathways present an embodied manifestation of the implementation of the CPA course,with the aim of reintegrating the body into comprehensive practical activities.