开放促就业:中间品贸易网络与企业劳动雇佣

Openingup for Employment:Trade Network of Intermediate Goods and Labor Employment of the Enterprises

文章在测算企业中间品贸易网络中心度基础上,探究了中间品贸易网络中心度如何影响企业劳动雇佣。结果表明,提升企业的中间品贸易网络中心度显著扩大了劳动雇佣规模。利用混淆变量的影响阈值检验、Bartik工具变量和准自然实验等缓解内生性问题,结论稳健。机制研究表明,提升中间品贸易网络中心度通过要素替代和生产扩张机制,影响劳动雇佣规模。拓展分析表明,提升企业的中间品贸易网络中心度对区域市场分割程度低、依赖国际供应链和劳动密集型企业的劳动雇佣规模的促进效应更大;提升企业的中间品贸易网络中心度影响劳动雇佣结构,提高了高技能就业比例、工会员工比例和女性员工比例。文章认为,应积极嵌入全球中间品贸易网络,在高水平对外开放中实现中国“稳就业”目标。

On the basis of calculating trade network centrality of intermediate goods of the enterprises,this paper explores how trade network centrality of intermediate goods affects labor employment of the enterprises.The result shows that improving trade network centrality of intermediate goods of the enterprises significantly expands the scale of labor employment.The conclusion is robust after using ITCV,Bartik instrumental variables and quasi-natural experiments to alleviate the endogenous problem.The mechanism analysis reveals that enhancing trade network centrality of intermediate goods affects the scale of labor employment through factor substitution and production expansion mechanism.The expansion analysis indicates that improving trade network centrality of intermediate goods of the enterprises has greater promotion effect on labor employment scale of the enterprises with low degree of regional market segmentation,the enterprises relying on international supply chain and labor-intensive enterprises;enhancing trade network centrality of intermediate goods of the enterprises affects the structure of labor employment,namely increasing the proportion of highly skilled employees,union employees and female employees.This paper holds that China should actively embed in global intermediate goods trade network and achieve the goal of"stabilizing employment"in the high-standard opening-up.