动态制度变迁中的学习行为——理论发展回顾与探讨

Adaptive Learning in the Context of Dynamic Institutional Evolution:A Theoretical Review and Discourse

动态制度变迁中的学习行为是新制度经济学的重要议题。目前学界对学习理论如何服务于制度研究的机制尚不明确,难以揭示学习行为对制度变迁的影响路径。文章基于文献综述的研究发现:学习理论通过促使制度变迁的微过程实例化和辅助进化思想描绘动态特征两种机制,补充制度理论。学习行为通过三种路径影响制度变迁:学习类型的一些概念能够解释制度内生性,引入学习行为的制度研究有助于分析多层次互动,以及可以将行为与制度的协同演化特征具体化。诺斯、斯泰因、葛拉克、钱德勒等人的动态模型对学习行为的引入由浅入深,一致肯定了学习行为对主体认知的塑造作用及对制度变迁的决定性作用。一个完整的包含学习行为的制度分析框架应该既包括多层次互动又蕴含协同演化思想,前者可以整合自下而上和自上而下两个方向的制度变迁,后者能够实现微观行为与宏观制度之间的交织与相融。

The exploration of learning behavior within the context of dynamic institutional change is a pivotal theme in new institutional economics.Currently,the mechanisms by which learning theory informs institutional research remain opaque,hindering a comprehensive understanding of the impact of learning behavior on institutional change.A review of the literature reveals that:(1)Learning theory enhances institutional theory via two primary mechanisms:the instantiation of micro-processes that drive institutional change and the portrayal of dynamic characteristics through the support of evolutionary thinking.(2)Learning influences institutional change along three distinct pathways,with certain learning type concepts elucidating the endogeneity of institutions and the inclusion of learning behavior in institutional studies facilitating the analysis of multi-level interactions and the tangible representation of the co-evolutionary traits of behaviors and institutions.(3)The dynamic models developed by scholars such as North,Stein,Gerlak,and Chandler,which incorporate learning behavior to varying extents,consistently recognize the formative impact of learning behavior on agent cognition and its critical role in precipitating institutional change.(4)A comprehensive institutional analysis framework that encompasses learning behavior should address both multi-level interaction and co-evolutionary dynamics.The former integrates institutional changes from both bottom-up and top-down perspectives,while the latter enables the intricate interplay and amalgamation of micro-level behaviors with macro-level systems.