硫代硫酸铵对苹果边果营养及激素含量的影响

Effects of Flower Thinning Agent Ammonium Thoisulfate on Nutrition and Hormone Content of Apple Lateral Fruit

以‘天红2号/SH38/八棱海棠’苹果为试材,采用硫代硫酸铵喷施的方法,以清水为对照,在初花期和盛花期喷2次1.5%硫代硫酸铵,并在喷药后7、10、13、16、19 d采集处理和对照边果,研究了硫代硫酸铵对苹果边果氮磷钾矿质营养,淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和山梨醇5种碳水化合物,可溶性蛋白质、玉米素(Z)、赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和乙烯前体(ACC)含量的影响,并初步解析其疏除机理,以期为生产提供参考依据。结果表明:硫代硫酸铵处理后,显著提高了边果全N含量,显著降低了处理中期全P和全K含量;淀粉含量较对照提高了5.13%~22.64%,但不同程度地降低了蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖及山梨醇含量,从而使可溶性碳水化合物总量较对照降低了9.37%~19.90%,且可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低;处理后脱落酸和ACC含量显著升高,(Z+GA_(3)+IAA)/ABA比值与对照无显著差异。综上,硫代硫酸铵在苹果上具有较好的疏除边果作用,其疏除作用与可溶性蛋白质含量降低、可溶性碳水化合物供应不足,以及ABA和ACC含量升高有关。

Taking‘Tianhong 2/SH38/Malus micromalus’apples as test materials,the method of ammonium thiosulfate spraying was used.Water was used as the control,and 1.5%ammonium thiosulfate was sprayed twice during the initial and full flowering stages.After 7,10,13,16 days and 19 daysof spraying,treatment and control side fruits were collected and treated.The effects of ammonium thiosulfate on nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium mineral nutrients,starch,glucose,fructose,sucrose and sorbitol,soluble protein,zein,gibberellin,auxin,abscisic acid,and ACC content in apple side fruits were studied,their removal mechanism was preliminarily analyzed,in order to provide reference for production.The results showed that the total N content of the treatment was higher than that of the controlafter ammonium thiosulfate treatment,while the total P and K content significantly decreased in the middle stage of treatment.The starch content of the treatment was increased by 5.13%to 22.64%,while the content of sucrose,glucose,fructose and sorbitol were decreased in different degrees,resulting in a decrease in the total soluble carbohydrates content by 9.37% to 19.90%.After ammonium thiosulfate treatment,the content of abscisic acid and ACC significantly increased,and there was no significant difference in the(Z+GA_(3)+IAA)/ABA ratio between the treatment and the control.As a result,ammonium thiosulfate had a good fruit thinning effect on apples,related to the decreased soluble protein content,an insufficient supply of soluble carbohydrate,increased ABA and ACC content.