诉讼证据属性的中国表达

The Chinese Expressions on the Attributes of Evidence in Proceedings

我国对诉讼证据属性的表达有三性说、两力说、可采性与关联性说等观点。在对我国本土三性说的质疑中,两力说是最有代表性的观点。然而,两力说来源于大陆法系国家的说法并不准确,国内外对证据能力内涵的界定存在较大分歧。三性说在我国数十年的理论争鸣中形成,对诉讼证据合法性的阐释不够科学,对诉讼证据关联性的界定过于狭隘,其思维方式未能体现审查诉讼证据的基本规律。鉴于两力说同三性说的内涵和面临的困境基本相同,我国对诉讼证据属性的表达应坚持和发展经受住了实践检验的具有鲜明中国特色的三性说。

Nowadays,the expressions of evidence's attributes in proceedings in China include the “three attributes theory”,the theory of evidence competence and probative force,and the theory of admissibility and relevance.Among the critiques on the “three attributes theory” in China,the theory of evidence competence and probative force is the most representative position.Nevertheless,the view that the theory of evidence competence and probative force originated from civil law countries is inaccurate.Besides,there are controversies on the definition of evidence competence in both domestic and overseas academia.The “three attributes theory” formed through decades of theoretical debates in China has deficiencies,such as not interpreting the “legitimacy” of evidence enough scientifically,narrowing the definition of “relevance”,and failing to reflect the review process of evidence in proceedings.However,considering the fact that the theory of evidence competence and probative force basically shares similar meanings and difficulties with the “three attributes theory”,China's expression on the attributes of evidence in proceedings should adhere to and develop the “three attributes theory” because the theory with distinct local characteristics has withstood the challenges of practice.