符号学视角下作品认定的方法论研究

Methodology of the Recognition of Works from the Perspective of Semiotics

著作权法对作品的认定主要依据思想/表达二分法和独创性规则。在司法实践中,法官对作品认定规则的适用存在随意性。这是因为,在认识作品方面,现有规则所依据的浪漫主义方法论和新批评主义方法论具有局限性。完善作品认定规则,需要方法论层面的探索。相较于现有方法论,符号学方法论对思想与表达之间关系的认识更加系统、全面,对作品的认识不局限于表达文本,而是关注社会语境对作品意义的影响。根据这一理论,受著作权法保护的作品应同时包含“社会性”和“个别性”两个方面。作品中不同于思想的表达和独创性内容都存在于个别性方面,作品表达不能等同于社会共同认识,而且作品思想应体现作者对社会共同认识的个性化解释。社会共同认识是作品认定的核心。法官应该从包括文化传统、主流价值观在内的更广泛的语境出发理解社会共同认识。

The requirements of copyright law on the recognition of a work are mainly reflected in the idea/expression dichotomy and the rule of originality.In judicial practice,there is arbitrariness in the application of the rules for recognizing works by judges.This is because the existing rules based on Romanticism and New Criticism methodologies have limitations in recognizing works.Improving the recognition rules of works requires exploration at the methodological level.Compared with the existing methodology,the semiotic methodology has a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of the relationship between idea and expression,and its understanding of works is not limited to the text,but focuses on the impact of social context on the meaning of works.According to this theory,works protected by copyright law should contain both “social” and “individual” aspects.The expressions that are distinct from ideas and original contents in a work exist in its individuality,which requires not only that the expressions of the work cannot be equated with the common understanding of society,but also that the ideas of the work reflect the author's personalized interpretation of the common social understanding.The common social understanding is at the core of the recognition of a work,and judges should understand the common social understanding in a broader context,including cultural traditions and dominant values.