聚苯胺红外电致变色器件研究进展

Advances in Polyaniline Based Infrared Electrochromic Devices

电致变色是材料反射、吸收等光学性质在外加电场驱动下发生稳定、可逆变化的现象,在不同波段可表现为颜色、红外发射率等变化。红外电致变色器件(IR-ECDs)能够动态调节物体的红外光学特性,在自适应伪装、热管理等应用中受到广泛关注。作为最有代表性的有机电致变色材料,聚苯胺(PANI)制备方法简单,电化学性能优异,在多波段电致变色领域有着巨大的潜在应用价值。本文从电致变色器件结构出发,介绍了从可见电致变色到红外电致变色的原理和器件结构的演变,对近年来增强聚苯胺红外电致变色器件性能的策略和最新进展进行了归纳和分析,讨论了其多功能化应用的拓展方向,最后对所面临的挑战与未来的发展方向进行了总结与展望,为今后发展优异性能的IR-ECDs提供了参考,希望能够对本领域研究者有所启发,促进电致变色领域的发展。

Electrochromism refers to the phenomenon of stable and reversible changes in the optical properties of materials under the driving of an external electric field.Electrochromism shows the changes of color,infrared emission rate etc.in different wavelength ranges.Infrared electrochromic devices(IR-ECDs)are capable of modulating the infrared optical properties of objects dynamically,and have received much attention in applications such as thermal management and adaptive camouflage.Polyaniline(PANI),as the most representative organic electrochromic material,has easy fabrication processes and excellent electrochemical properties.It has great potential application value in multi-band electrochromism.In this review,we first present the evolution of the device structures from visible electrochromism to infrared electrochromism.And then we summarize recent advances to improve PANI-based IR-ECDs performance in terms of different functional layers.The frontier applications of multifunctional IR-ECDs are discussed.Finally,the challenges of IR-ECDs are discussed and prospects for further development are proposed.This review provides a reference for the development of IR-ECDs with excellent performance.We hope it would be useful for researchers in this field to promote the development of the electrochromic field.