中国职业资格制度:历程、现状与展望

China’s Vocational Qualification System:Achievements and Challenges

在数字技术快速发展和全球格局不断变化的时代,对人力资源现代化的追求已成为决定一个国家的繁荣和全球竞争力的决定性因素。习近平总书记多次强调“国家发展靠人才,民族振兴靠人才”。从人口大国迈向人力资源大国,推进人力资源现代化是实现中国式现代化的重要内容。其中,为评估证明从事某种职业的人所必需的知识、技术和能力而形成的职业资格制度,作为一种评价人才的主要制度,对我国人力资源的培养、开发、评价、管理,对增强国家竞争力、稳定经济增长、优化资源配置、提升社会的公平性包容性以及实现人力资源的现代化都具有举足轻重的作用。本文系统梳理了新中国成立以来我国职业资格制度发展历程,对职业资格制度现状和未来面临的问题进行了较为客观深入的分析,阐述了为什么建立职业资格制度、如何更好地建立和完善职业资格制度,以期为探索一条中国式职业资格制度的发展之路引发更多的关注和研究。

In an era of rapid technological progress and ever-changing global landscape,the pursuit of modernizing human resources has become a pivotal factor in determining a nation’s prosperity and global competitiveness.General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that the essence of modernization is human modernization,The vocational qualification system in question,established to assess the requisite knowledge,skills,and capabilities necessary for engaging in certain professions,stands as a principal system for evaluating talent internationally.It plays an instrumental role in the cultivation,development,evaluation,and management of our nation’s human resources,as well as in augmenting national competitiveness,stabilizing economic growth,optimizing resource allocation,enhancing societal equity and inclusivity,and realizing the modernization of human resources.This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the developmental trajectory of China’s vocational qualification system,offering a relatively objective and in-depth analysis of its current state and the challenges it faces in the future.It elucidates the rationale behind establishing the vocational qualification system and explores how to better construct and refine it,with the aim of garnering increased attention and research toward charting a developmental course for a vocational qualification system unique to China.