土白入诗:新月诗派对新诗语言的探索与试验

Vernacular Poetry:Exploration and Experiment of the Crescent Poetry School about Poetic Language

如果撇开那些零星闪现的诗歌现象不论,宏观考察新诗的生成、发展,便会发现,五四新诗语言变革沿着时间和空间两个维度展开:白话与文言的对立,呈现的是新诗语言在时间维度上对现代性的追逐;欧化与本土化的对立,呈现的是新诗语言在空间维度上对欧美和中国本土资源的选择。新月诗派的土白入诗试验,从时间和空间两个维度承袭与拓展了五四新诗语言变革。通过俚语入诗和京白入诗两种试验,新月诗派不但为现代新诗确立起容纳诗人个体地域语言特色、以北平土白为主体的新诗语言理念,而且在很大程度上厘定了新诗的语言表述,由此使五四新诗真正回到语言本体。这赋予新月诗派土白入诗以两个特点:一是以土白入句和土音入韵为方法;二是模仿下层群众语言。这两个特点延承和发展了新诗语言变革的大众化方向,但依循的仍是白话文运动中语言工具论的窠臼,忽略了现代语言的思想性和诗性,其经验教训值得重视。

Exploring the Crescent Poetry School from the perspective of language is a new trend in recent years.However,there is a common problem in this kind of research,that is,they simply fit the language phenomenon with the literary phenomenon and fail to objectively and concretely evaluate the value of the Crescent Poetry School in the history of modern new poetry.From the perspective of language change,this paper investigates how the Crescent Poetry School establishes a relationship with the language change of May 4th new poetry through the“vernacular into poetry”and what lessons have been left by the experiment of“vernacular into poetry”of the Crescent Poetry School.By examining the“vernacular into poetry”,we can find that the Crescent Poetry School inherited and expanded the May 4th new poetry language reform in the process of vernacular popularization,took“vernacular into poetry”as a new way of the new poetry language construction,and inherited and expanded the May 4th new poetry language reform from the two dimensions of time and space.In terms of time dimension,“vernacular into poetry”inherits the importance of vernacular poetry to the modernity of language,presents a close integration with modern life,and gets rid of the entanglement of vernacular/classical Chinese binary opposition at the same time.In terms of spatial dimension,“vernacular into poetry”follows the tradition of absorbing other regional languages in the early new poetry,and takes the local dialect as the main language resource,which can make up for the deficiency of Europeanized language to a certain extent.Through the two experiments of slang into poetry and Beijing dialect into poetry,the Crescent Poetry School not only established the new poetry language concept of accommodating the poet’s individual regional language characteristics and taking Beijing vernacular as the main body for the modern new poetry,but also determined the language expression of new poetry to a great extent,so that the May 4th new poetry really returned to the language noumenon.This gives the Crescent Poetry School“vernacular into poetry”two characteristics:one is the method of vernacular into sentence and vernacular into rhyme,the other is to imitate the language of the lower class.These two characteristics inherit and develop the popularization direction of the language reform of new poetry.However,it still follows the stereotype of language instrumental theory in the vernacular movement,ignoring the ideological and poetic nature of modern language,and its experience and lessons deserve attention.