紫菀的本草考证

Textual Research of Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)

紫菀为临床常用止咳平喘药,应用历史悠久,始载于《神农本草经》,通过查阅历代本草古籍、医籍并结合近现代研究资料,对紫菀药材的名称、基原、性味归经、功效主治、炮制等方面进行系统的本草考证,经考证发现自古正名即为紫菀,别名较多,有青苑、紫茜、紫蒨、返魂草、夜牵牛、紫菀茸、关公须等。基原方面,历代古籍中所述紫菀性状与现代所述紫菀植物的性状、花期、生长习性、用药部位均吻合,推断为同一植物,南朝《本草经集注》首次记载紫菀与白菀异物混用现象,唐朝认为紫菀和白菀功效相同,此时期也混用,后至清代二者逐渐被区分,认为紫菀入血分,白菀入气分,不可混用,宋明时期,人们常以车前草根、旋覆根以赤土染过冒充紫菀,且当时已有伪品误用会产生危害的认知。紫菀的性味记载多为味苦、辛,性温,无毒,也有性平之记载,紫菀功效主治古今差异不大。禁忌方面,古籍记载紫菀畏茵陈,恶天雄、瞿麦、藁本、雷丸、远志,与款冬花相使,现代书籍补充实热者忌服。此外,还系统整理了历代本草中紫菀的归经、炮制并进行分析,以期为紫菀资源的进一步研究与利用提供参考和借鉴。

Aster is a commonly used cough and asthma medicine in clinical practice,with a long history of application,originally published in the Shennong Materia Medica,through consulting the past generations of materia medica,medical books and combined with modern research data,the name,primor,sexual taste,efficacy,concoction and other aspects of aster medicinal materials have been systematically examined and verified,and it has been found that since ancient times,the correct name is aster,and the aliases are more Qingyuan,Zixi,Qingyuan,Ziqian,Fanhuncao,Yeqianniu,Ziwanrong,Guangongxu,etc.;In terms of the original aster,the traits of aster described in ancient books and the modern aster plant traits,flowering period,growth habits,and medicinal parts are consistent,inferred to be the same plant,the Southern Dynasty Notes on the Materia Medica first recorded the phenomenon of mixing Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)and Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)foreign matter,the Tang Dynasty believed that Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)and Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)had the same effect,and there were also mixed uses,and then to the Qing Dynasty,the two were gradually distinguished,believing that Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)into the blood,Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)into the Qi,can not be mixed,Song and Ming Dynasties,people often use plantain roots,spinning roots to red earth dyed pretending to be aster,And at that time,there was already a perception that the misuse of counterfeit products would cause harm.The sexual taste of aster is mostly bitter,spicy,warm,non-toxic,and there are also records of taste,and there is little difference between the efficacy of aster and the ancient and modern times.In terms of taboos,ancient books record that Yinchen(Artemisiae Scopariae Herba)had mutual restraint with Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma),Tianxiong(Aconitum Carmichaeli),Qumai(Dianthi Herba),Gaoben(Ligusticum Sinense),Leiwan(Omphalia),Yuanzhi(Polygalae Radix)could weaken the action of Ziwan(Asteris Radix Et Rhizoma)or ingredient,and modern people who supplement real heat are taboo.In addition,the attribution and preparation of aster in the past generations of herbs were systematically sorted out,and analyzed,in order to provide reference and reference for the further research and utilization of aster resources.