“思想实验论证说”的困境及其重构

The Dilemmas and Reconstruction of the“Argument View”of Thought Experiment

思想实验是一种借助思维运作的理性活动,这一封闭的运行模式使其认知机制饱受争议。诺顿认为所有思想实验都可重构为逻辑论证而无认识论上的损失,布朗主张用柏拉图式直觉解读部分思想实验,这一先验立场显然是对经验事实的越界,诺顿对经验内容与非理性因素的忽视也使其理论招致不少批评。具体而言,思想实验“论证说”面临三大困境:①难以解释非理性的认知过程;②理论内部缺乏完备性;③过分强调逻辑论证会导致思想实验僵化。模拟与理想化是对于经验内容的归纳与抽象,它能将经验过程与逻辑形式、理性与非理性因素紧密结合。基于模拟与理想化对思想实验“论证说”的重构力图摆脱其所面临的理论困境,调解思想实验“论证说”引发的争论。

ion of empirical contents,which can closely combine the empirical process with logical forms,rational factors with irrational factors.Based on simulation and idealization,the reconstruction of the“argument view”of the thought experiment strives to get rid of the theoretical dilemma it faces and mediates the controversy caused by the“argument view”of thought experiment.