高等教育规划的生成过程与内在逻辑——基于美国加州1868—2023年系列教育规划的分析

The Process and Rationale of Higher Educational Planning:A Study Basedon the Analysis of Multiple Master Plans in Education Adopted Between 1868 and 2023 by the State of California,USA

西方发达国家以制定教育规划的方式谋划本国高等教育发展是一个普遍做法。但是,由于国情不同,不同国家制定规划的过程不尽相同,颁布后的规划产生的历史作用亦不尽相同。研究基于美国加州1868年至2023年间颁布的系列教育规划,采用历史制度主义理论的“历史—结构—行动者”分析框架,剖析了《加州高等教育总体规划》的生成过程和内在逻辑。制度变迁的内在逻辑在历史维度上表现为路径依赖制约下的规划发展,在结构维度上表现为多种政治要素间的交互作用,在行动者维度上表现为行动者偏好引导的利益博弈。加州高等教育体系在形成过程中有3对值得关注的重要关系,它们分别是本土与现代、供给与需求、计划与市场的关系。本土与现代建构的价值体系是基本动力,供给与需求建构的实践机制是根本动力,计划与市场建构的管理模式是直接动力。

In Western developed countries,it is a common practice to formulate master plans to envision the development of local education systems in the near future.Based on the analysis of multiple master plans in education adopted by the State of California between 1868 and 2023,this paper examines the planning process and rationale of“The California Master Plan for Higher Education”(1960)under the“history-structure-actor”framework of historical institutionalism.From the historical perspective,institutional changes are always path dependent(or,influenced by past institutions);from the structural perspective,institutional changes are the results of the interaction between various political forces;from the perspective of agency,it is the preferences of salient actors that have tipped the balance between competing interests and brought about institutional changes.With regard to the dynamics of education planning,we also find that the dialectical relations between locality and modernity,between supply and demand,between government and market,have played important roles in transforming higher education system in California.