公刘故里农耕文明溯源及其农业生态适应性变迁

Origin of Agricultural Civilization and Evolution of Agroecological Suitability in Gongliu's Hometown

大约距今4000年前,周部族首领公刘带领族人移居至戎狄(今甘肃庆阳),开垦荒地,豢养家畜,繁衍生息。我国农耕文化在此衍发孕育。经过数千年的积淀,延续至今形成了长期稳定的“耕—牛”模式,成为全中国的农耕滥觞。然而近些年来,由于特定的资源禀赋和社会经济因素,曾经以粮食生产为主的农业生产模式使当地生态环境更加脆弱,无法应对迅速发展的人口经济压力。“耕—牛”农业难以为继,周祖的农耕文化根基发生悄然动摇,耕地农业正在一步步向现代草地农业过渡。庆阳农业生产结构的调整不仅是周祖时期农业文化的历史回归,更是农业生态适应性变迁的必然结果,是农业现代化的必然趋势。

About 4,000 years ago,the leader of the Zhou tribe,Liu,led the tribe to move to Di Di(now Qingyang),reclaiming farmland,raising livestock,and prospering.China's farming culture has been born here.After thousands of years of accumulation,it has formed a long-term stable"cultivation-cow"model,which has already become the farmland of all of China.Due to specific resource endowments and socioeconomic factors,however,Qingyang's agricultural production mode,which was dominated by food production,has made the local ecological environment more fragile and unable to cope with the developing population economic pressure rapidly in recent years.The"cultivation-cow"agriculture is difficult to sustain,and Zhou Zu's agricultural culture roots have to be shaken,and cultivated land agriculture is gradually transitioning to modern grassland agriculture.Qingyang adjust the structure of agricultural production is not only a return to the historical agricultural culture in Zhou Zu period,it is the inevitable result of agro-ecological adaptability change,agricultural modernization is an inevitable trend.