“元理论”能做什么:胡塞尔现象学与传播学的元理论实践

What Can a Metatheory Do: Husserl’s Phenomenology in thePractical Self-Understanding of Media Studies

解决当前传播学研究的学科认同问题与范式之惑的常见路径是,寻求传播学的“元理论”。把胡塞尔的现象学思考引入到当前的元理论讨论之中,首先去刻画胡塞尔对“交往”概念的界定。以此为基础,试图指出胡塞尔现象学可以被看作是“交往—传播”的元理论,可以为我们反思当前各种不同类型的传播研究提供基础的概念框架。虽然任何“元理论”从原则上都不能直接帮助我们建立起任何学科统一性,但是元理论可以通过建立具体研究的自身意识来明确本学科与其他学科之间的界限。以传播学的“身体”研究为例,在现象学的视角下展示了“身体”必然属于传播学研究的一面,以此来说明现象学的“元理论”对学科性反思的意义。

Some theorists propose to solve the problems on the issues of discipline self-identity and paradigmatic uncertainty by appealing to the conception of a“metatheory”in the current theoretical reflection on the studies of communication.It will be showed that Husserl’s phenomenology could perfectly fulfill the requirements of such a“metatheory”,although it used to be seen as pure philosophical thinking.Concerning a Husserlian theory of“communication”,I will expound in detail the triangle connection of the key notions Sinn,Intersubjectivity and Life-world at first.Based on this conceptual scheme,Husserl’s theory of communication can prove itself to be a competitive model of metatheory because of its conceptual coherence and strictness.Moreover,the empirical quantitative studies,no matter what they grasp as their themes and no matter at which level they carry out their research about these themes,can be theoretically good categorized in virtue of this Husserlian“metatheory”.Ideally,Husserl’s phenomenology may provide a ground indirectly as the minimal unity for the diverse and heterogenic studies of communication in the process of their self-understanding.