论东坡词的叙事艺术

A Discussion about Art of Narration in Poetries by Su Dongpo

北宋词坛名家苏东坡的词作具有典型的叙事性。主要表现在词序与正文虚实相生、借典故暗含叙事语义以及借诗意叙事丰富词作抒情意蕴三个方面。作为宋代词坛将词序发扬光大的关键人物,东坡词词序进一步发展了序文补充说明正文叙事、提前暗示情感指向的写作手法。大量运用典故使东坡词在叙事方面不但暗含个人情绪与事件发展走向,在人物形象塑造方面,也暗喻着人物性格,具有丰富的叙事语义。苏轼“以诗为词”的词学观同样影响着其词作的叙事,即事寓情、意象联想与以神雅化的创作手段共同形成东坡词诗意叙事的审美内蕴。

Poetries written by Su Dongpo,a celebrity in the poetry circle of Northern Song Dynasty,are typically narrative,which is mainly presented in the aspect,complementing between illusion and reality in terms of word order and text,implying narrative semantics by literary quotation,and enriching expression and meaning of poetry by poetic narration.As a key figure that carried forward word order in the poetry circle of Song Dynasty,Su Dongpo further expanded the role of preface in supplementing text narration and implying emotional direction in advance in terms of word order.Most literary quotations in poetries by Su Dongpo are applied to narration,which implies not only personal emotion and development trend of an event,but also personal character in terms of the work related to image shaping.Such application brings abundant narrative semantics.Su Shi’s creation theory of“regarding poems as poetry”also influences context of poetic narration in poetries by Su Dongpo.Namely aesthetic context of poetic narration in poetries by Su Dongpo is formed by creation means,such as implied sentiments in things,imagine association,and refinement with gods.