居延汉简中的陕西地名研究

A Study on Shaanxi Place Names of Juyan Wooden Slips in Han Dynasty

居延汉简记录了大量的古代地名。考查这些地名,对研究古代政区因革、地名存废,乃至文化演进、制度变迁,都具有重要意义。载有陕西地区地名的39枚简牍中的39则简文,蕴含大量的汉代历史和文化信息。它记录了一些县名在书写时使用通假字的史实(如祋祤写作带羽,云阳写作霣阳);大量的里名为今人提供了已经消失的古地名线索。里名大都具特定含义,有描述性的,亦有记述性的,许多里名还被赋予道德引领的价值理念。众多地名和戍卒档案资料显示,汉代陕西地区除上郡外大量向河西地区征调戍卒,这与史家所谓“戍卒大部分是关东人,少数是本郡人”的观点不完全一致。简文中有关法律和戍卒身份、职衔、装备的史料,有的可弥补史书记载之不足。

There are a total of 39 wooden slips containing the place names of Shaanxi in the Juyan Wooden Slips(居延汉简).These written characters of wooden slips contain a wealth of historical and cultural information about the Han Dynasty.It records the historical fact that some county names were written using interchangeable words,a large number of community names provide clues to ancient place names that have disappeared for modern people.Community names mostly have specific meanings,both descriptive and narrative,and many community names are also endowed with moral guidance concepts.Numerous place names and military files show that,Except for Shang Jun(上郡)in Han dynasty,a large number of garrisons in the Hexi(河西)region were conscripted from the present-day Shaanxi region.This is not entirely consistent with the view of historians that“most of the garrison soldiers came from the east of Hangu Gate(函谷关),and a few were from their own county”.