秦汉时期汉中郡乡里校补与地名学分析

Xiang-Li Proofreading Supplement and Toponymy Analysis in Hanzhong County in Qin and Han Dynasties

随着简牍资料的不断公布,对秦汉乡里制度进行区域个案研究已成为可能。通过梳理和校补史料,新发现秦汉时期汉中郡的乡有5个,分别是西乡、訇乡、壻乡、平乡、汉阳乡,时间均为汉代;新发现的里有11个,其中秦里5个:畜园里、康乐里、州里、辨阳里、乘田里;汉里6个:析里、平乡里、市阳里、故道里、官里、竹里。加上前人收集的13里,共计5乡24里。通过地名学分析可知,汉中郡的乡名以人文地理类名称为主;里名方面,秦代是自然地理类和人文地理类并重,汉代则以人文地理类为主。秦汉时期里的稳定性问题需要辩证看待。相关结论不仅有助于推进秦汉乡里制度研究,而且具有现实意义。

With the continuous publication of bamboo slips,it has become possible to conduct regional case studies on the Xiang-Li system in the Qin and Han dynasties.By combing and supplementing historical materials,it is known that during the Qin and Han periods,there were 5 Xiang in Hanzhong County,namely Xi Xiang,Hong Xiang,Xu Xiang,Ping Xiang,and Hanyang Xiang,all dating back to the Han dynasty.There were 11 Li in Hanzhong County.Five of them were in the Qin dynasty:Chuyuan Li,Kangle Li,Zhou Li,Bianyang Li,and Chengtian Li;The other six Li were in the Han dynasty:Xi Li,Pingxiang Li,Shiyang Li,Gudao Li,Guan Li,and Zhu Li.Together with the 13 Li collected by previous scholars,there were a total of 5 Xiang and 24 Li.Through toponymy analysis,it can be concluded that the names of Xiang in Hanzhong County were mainly human geography names.As for the names of Li,the Qin dynasty attached equal importance to both physical geography and human geography,while the Han dynasty focused on human geography.The stability of Li in the Qin and Han dynasties needs to be viewed dialectically.The relevant conclusions not only contribute to the advancement of research on the Xiang-Li system in the Qin and Han dynasties,but also hold practical significance.