南太平洋智利竹筴鱼渔业生物学与评估管理研究进展

Proceedings of fisheries biology and assessment of Jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)inhabiting South Pacific

智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus murphyi)是南太平洋重要的经济鱼类,分布范围广泛,是多个国家和地区主要的捕捞对象之一。本研究对智利竹筴鱼的种群结构、年龄与生长、繁殖摄食等生物学及资源评估与管理的研究进展做了初步的总结和归纳,为系统掌握该物种的基础生物学以及资源评估与管理提供理论基础。智利竹筴鱼洄游模式较为复杂,种群结构尚存在争议,沿岸和公海均分布着多个产卵场。智利竹筴鱼摄食种类丰富,昼夜垂直移动与摄食习性有关。南太平洋海域环境要素较多,不同性质的海流、水团,中尺度涡流以及海表面温度、风、盐度等要素都会影响智利竹筴鱼的资源变动。智利竹筴鱼资源评估模型主要以基于年龄结构的模型为主,但缺乏对环境因子的考虑。为后续更合理的开发和利用智利竹筴鱼资源,需继续加强各国和地区之间的合作,系统地开展智利竹筴鱼的资源调查和多学科研究,考虑环境对竹筴鱼资源的影响,为该种类的可持续利用和科学管理提供理论支持。

Jack mackerel(Trachurus murphyi)is an important economic fish species with a wide range of distribution,which is one of the main fishing targets in many countries and regions.In this study,the biological research progresses in the population structure,migration,growth,reproduction and feeding studies of jack mackerel inhabiting the South Pacific were preliminarily reviewed,which will provide a basis for systematically mastering the basic biology and management of this fish species.The migration pattern of this fish species is complex,and the population structure of this fish species is still controversial.Jack mackerel predates a variety of species.Its day and night vertical movement is related to the feeding habits.The fish species has multiple spawning grounds in both coastal waters and the high seas.Jack mackerel has an obvious diurnal vertical migration habit,and two types of horizontal migrations,seasonally from high seas to coastal waters and geographically New Zealand coasts to Chilean coasts on large scales.However,the specific migration patterns are still unclear,waiting for more studies.Many environmental factors like ocean currents,water masses,mesoscale eddies of different natures,sea surface temperatures,wind and salinity affect the resource of jack mackerel.In order to rationally develop and use jack mackerel resources in the future,it is necessary to continuously strengthen the cooperation among countries and regions,systematically surveying and studying the jack mackerel resources in the south Pacific Ocean,and take the impact of the environment on jack mackerel resources into account,so that a theoretical support for the sustainable use and scientific management of this fish species can be provided.