星载被动微波遥感技术及其应用进展

Progress in Spaceborne Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Technology and Its Application

星载被动微波遥感是指利用高灵敏度接收机通过接收场景和目标的自然微波辐射来提取目标信息的一种遥感手段。被动微波遥感又称微波辐射计遥感。人类利用微波辐射计从空间进行对地遥感已有50多年的历史。目前,星载微波辐射计已经成为气象和海洋卫星的主载荷,在数值天气预报、海洋环境监测和全球变化研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文分析了国内外星载被动微波遥感技术与应用进展,以及被动微波遥感技术发展趋势及其关键技术问题,针对中国星载被动微波遥感的定量化应用,在数据与数据处理流程,算法标准化、亮温和反演参数的定标/检验标准化等方面提出了一些思考和建议,以期望被动微波遥感数据被越来越广泛地得到应用,最大限度地提升星载地球被动微波遥感技术的应用效能。

Spaceborne passive microwave sensor is a kind of remote sensing that uses high-sensitivity receivers to detect natural microwave radiation from scenes and targets.Passive microwave remote sen-sor also refers to microwave radiometer.Microwave radiometers have been used for remote sensing of the Earth from space for more than fifty years.At present,microwave radiometers have become the main payload of meteorological and oceanographic satellites,playing an important role in numerical weather prediction,marine environment monitoring and global climate change research.This article analyzes and summarizes the following points.Firstly,passive microwave remote sensing technology and its applica-tion development.Secondly,the development trend of passive microwave remote sensing technology and its key technical issues.Thirdly,for the quantitative application of passive microwave remote sensing in China,some thoughts and suggestions are put forward in terms of product and data processing proce-dures,as well as standardization on algorithm for deriving different level products,calibration/valida-tion of brightness temperature and geophysical parameters.The contents of this article aim at promot-ing much wider application of passive microwave remote sensing data and maximizing the application ef-ficiency of passive microwave remote sensing technology.