风云气象卫星微波大气探测回顾与展望

Prospects for Microwave Atmospheric Sounding of the New Generation of Fengyun Meteorological Satellites

基于风云三号(FY-3)三个批次极轨气象卫星微波湿度计的研制历程,取得的技术突破与研制进展,涵盖关键技术实现以及关键技术指标的设计与测试评估,微波湿度计在数值天气预报、台风暴雨等灾害性天气预报与监测等方面的科学应用,阐述了星载被动微波大气探测技术的提升。分析微波大气探测的研究现状与发展趋势,重点展望了极轨气象卫星微波大气探测在气象参数探测能力、探测精度、时空分辨率、应用效能等方面的潜力。对标世界气象组织(WMO)2040年愿景规划,针对中国风云五号新一代极轨气象卫星,提出了具有跨代表征的高性能新体制微波大气综合探测系统——高光谱微波大气探测仪,简要陈述了在轨定量化提升的技术途径与应用前景,为风云五号气象卫星微波大气探测载荷研制奠定基础。

The development history of microwave humidity sounder for three batches of polar-orbit-ing meteorological satellites of Fengyun-3(FY-3)and the technological breakthroughs and development progress made are introduced,covering the realization of key technologies and the design of key techno-logical indexes and testing and evaluation,as well as the scientific applications in numerical weather pre-diction,typhoon and rainstorm and other catastrophic weather prediction and monitoring,etc.,and the upgrading of the technology of satellite-mounted passive microwave atmospheric sounding is elaborated.Based on the current status and development trend of microwave atmospheric detection research at home and abroad,it focuses on the potential of microwave atmospheric detection by polar-orbiting mete-orological satellites in terms of meteorological parameter detection capability,detection accuracy,tempo-ral and spatial resolution,and application effectiveness.In view of the 2040 vision plan of the World Me-teorological Organization(WMO)and the new generation of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites of Fengyun-5 of China,a new high-performance microwave atmospheric integrated detection system with trans-representative signatures–hyperspectral microwave atmospheric detector–is proposed,and the technical way of on-orbit quantitative enhancement and the application prospect are briefly described.It also briefly describes the technical way and application prospect of quantitative enhancement in orbit,laying a foundation for the development of microwave atmospheric detection payload for Fengyun-5 me-teorological satellite.