2021年医学应用放射工作人员职业照射水平影响因素分析

Factors influencing the levels of occupational exposure in medical radiation workers in China,2021

目的 分析我国医学应用放射工作人员职业照射水平的影响因素,为明确下一步放射防护工作重点提供科学依据。方法 通过“国家个人剂量登记系统”采集2021年我国医学应用放射工作人员职业外照射个人剂量的监测数据,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归模型对医学应用放射工作人员职业照射水平的相关影响因素进行分析。结果 卡方检验显示性别、职业类别、医学应用机构类别、地区、每千人口放射工作人员数和地区人均GDP对医学应用放射工作人员职业照射水平超过年调查水平(5 mSv)和年剂量限值(20 mSv)的影响有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.456~262.329,7.601~78.650,P <0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、职业类别、地区和每千人口放射工作人员数是放射工作人员职业照射年剂量超过5 mSv的影响因素(χ^(2)=14.621~170.857,P <0.05);性别、职业类别、地区和地区人均GDP是放射工作人员职业照射年剂量超过20 mSv的影响因素(χ^(2)=5.401~48.709,P <0.05)。结论 男性、介入放射学和中部地区放射工作人员年剂量超过5 mSv和20 mSv的发生风险较高,而每千人口放射工作人员和地区人均GDP越高,其发生风险越低。医学应用机构应配置足够的人员,并加强对男性、介入人员放射防护知识培训,提高其防护意识;应加强中部地区高剂量照射原因调查,采取针对性有效防护措施降低人员的职业照射水平。

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the levels of occupational exposure in medical radiation workers in China,and to provide a scientific basis for determining the key points of radiation protection in the medical sector.Methods The individual monitoring data on occupational external exposure in medical radiation workers in 2021 were collected from the“National Individual Dose Registry”.The Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyze the factors influencing the levels of occupational exposure in medical radiation workers.Results The Chi-squared test showed that gender,occupational category,medical institution category,region,number of radiation workers per thousand population,and regional per capita GDP were significantly associated with occupational exposure in medical radiation workers exceeding the annual effective dose of 5 mSv and an annual effective dose limit of 20 mSv(χ^(2)=21.456−262.329,7.601−78.650,P<0.05).The logistic regression analysis further showed that gender,occupational category,region,and number of radiation workers per thousand population were factors influencing the occupational exposure in medical radiation workers exceeding the annual effective dose of 5 mSv(χ^(2)=14.621−170.857,P<0.05);gender,occupational category,region,and regional per capita GDP were factors influencing the occupational exposure in medical radiation workers exceeding the annual effective dose of 20 mSv(χ^(2)=5.401−48.709,P<0.05).Conclusion Male radiation workers in interventional radiology and in central China have high risks of exceeding annual effective doses of 5 and 20 mSv.Moreover,high number of radiation workers per thousand population and regional per capita GDP are associated with low risks.Medical institutions should maintain a sufficient number of radiation workers and strengthen training on radiation protection knowledge for male and interventional radiology workers to enhance their radiation protection awareness.Investigation of the factors contributing to the high occupational exposure in central China should be intensified,and targeted effective measures should be conducted to reduce the occupational exposure in medical radiation workers.