笛卡尔与卢梭:他心问题域中的理解儿童探究

Descartes and Rousseau:An Inquiry into How to Understand Children in the Problem of Other Minds

一般性的他心问题主要包涵他心是否存在以及他心能否被认识或理解两个基本问题。相应的,在成人—儿童的关系中,他心问题转变为儿童之心是否存在,以及成人能否认识或理解儿童之心两个基本问题。笛卡尔和卢梭代表着关于儿童之心的两种不同理解路径,笛卡尔催生了一般性他心问题,并怀疑儿童之心的存在,是唯我认识论的理性主义路径;卢梭在与笛卡尔“对话”的基础上,发现了作为身体感受之心与自然善好之心的儿童之心,是德性论的浪漫主义路径。不过,卢梭的发现依然带有笛卡尔痕迹。笛卡尔和卢梭是奠基并影响儿童观念的两个早期关键人物,他们对儿童观念的现代化与现代儿童教育影响深远。

The general problem of other minds mainly covers two basic questions of whether the other minds exist and whether the other minds can be understood.In the adult-child relationship,the problem of other minds changes to the existence of children's minds and the adult's understanding of children's minds.Descartes and Rousseau represent two different paths of understanding the children's minds.Descartes gives rise to the general problem of other minds and doubts the existence of children's minds,which is the rationalist path of solipsistic epistemology;Rousseau,based on “dialogue”with Descartes,discovers children's minds as the minds of sensation of body and natural goodness,which is the romantic path of virtue theory.However,Rousseau's discovery still bears traces of Descartes.Descartes and Rousseau were two early key figures who laid the foundation of the views on children.They have a profound impact on the modern education.