秘密类型与披露对象对儿童秘密披露行为的影响

The Influence of Secret Types and Disclosure Target on Children's Secret Disclosure Behavior

秘密作为一种常见的社会现象,对幼儿社会性的发展有着非常特殊的意义。本研究以357名4~6岁幼儿为研究对象,探究秘密类型和披露对象对幼儿秘密披露行为的影响及其发展特点。研究一的结果发现:4岁幼儿对披露事实信息与披露秘密信息没有显著差异;无论披露对象是新同学还是老同学,与披露秘密相比,5~6岁幼儿更倾向于披露事实信息。研究二的结果发现:5~6岁幼儿会出于维护社会规则的目的,更多地向教师披露消极秘密;出于建立社交关系的目的,会向新同学披露积极秘密。这些结果表明,5~6岁的幼儿已经开始理解秘密的社会意义,并且会根据不同的意图和披露对象对秘密披露做出灵活的判断。由于不同年龄幼儿对秘密的理解有个体差异,幼儿教师应注重幼儿园内区域环境的创设,为幼儿创设秘密空间;幼儿园应重视幼儿对秘密认识的个体差异,设计与实施相关的教育活动。

As an inherently social phenomenon,secret has a very special significance to the development of children's society.In this study,357 children aged 4~6 years old were selected as research targets to explore the influence of secret types and disclosure objects on children's secret disclosure behavior and its developmental characteristics.The results of Study 1 found that there was no significant difference in the choices of 4-year-old children in disclosing factual information and disclosing secret information;Whether the targets of disclosure was a stranger or a classmate,children aged 5~6 were more inclined to disclose factual information than those who disclosed secrets.The results of study 2 found that children aged 5 ~6 would disclose more negative secrets to teachers for the purpose of maintaining social rules;positive secrets were disclosed to new students for the purpose of building social connections.These results indicate that children aged 5~6 have begun to understand the social significance of secrets and will make flexible judgments about secret disclosure according to different intentions and disclosure targets.Because children of different ages have individual differences in their understanding of secrets,Preschool teachers should pay attention to the creation of regional environment in kindergartens and create secret spaces for children;Kindergartens should pay attention to the individual differences in children's understanding of secrets,design and implement relevant educational activities.