母亲育儿密集度及其与学前儿童社会情绪发展的关系:母亲心理健康的遮掩作用

Intensiveness of Mothering in Contemporary China and Its Relationship with Preschoolers'Social-Emotional Development:The Suppression Effect of Maternal Psychological Well-Being

密集型育儿正逐渐成为我国的主流教养方式。家长在儿童养育中投入大量时间、精力和金钱,但密集型育儿能否帮助儿童获得发展优势尚未有定论。本研究选取上海市和济南市388名城市大班幼儿母亲为研究对象,考察其育儿密集度及其与母亲心理健康、儿童社会情绪发展之间的关联。潜在剖面分析结果表明,根据育儿密集度可将样本母亲的育儿方式分为高认同高实践型、中认同中实践型、低认同低实践型和选择性认同与实践型四种类型。母亲心理健康在母亲育儿密集度和儿童社会情绪发展之间起遮掩作用,即在排除母亲心理健康的间接作用后,母亲育儿密集度越高的家庭中的儿童社会情绪发展越好,但育儿密集度上升会降低母亲心理健康水平,从而抑制儿童社会情绪的发展,最终导致母亲育儿密集度与大班儿童社会情绪发展之间的关联不显著。为此,母亲应调整密集型育儿态度与实践,并积极调适自身的心理健康,为儿童社会情绪发展创造良好的环境;家庭、幼儿园和社会应协同育人,为母亲提供更多的育儿支持,缓解母亲的育儿压力。

Intensive parenting is becoming a prevalent parenting style in contemporary China.Parents invest tremendous time,energy,and money in childrearing,whereas the effectiveness of intensive parenting in helping children obtain developmental advantages remains controversial.Using the survey method,the current study investigated 388 mothers of preschoolers in urban Shanghai and Jinan to explore the associations between the intensiveness of mothering,maternal psychological well-being,and preschoolers'social-emotional development.Four distinct patterns of the intensiveness of mothering were identified using latent profile analysis:high endorsement and high practice,medium endorsement and medium practice,low endorsement and low practice,and selective endorsement and practice.Maternal psychological well-being suppressed the relationship between intensiveness of mothering and preschoolers'social-emotional development.On the one hand,intensiveness of mothering was positively related to preschoolers'social-emotional development after excluding the indirect efect of maternal psychological well-being.On the other hand,mothers from profiles showing higher levels of intensiveness had worse psychological well-being,and their preschoolers had lower levels of social-emotional development.The two pathways counteracted each other,resulting in a nonsignificant overall relationship between intensiveness of mothering and preschoolers'social-emotional development.The present study suggests mothers adjust their attitudes and practices toward intensive parenting,actively regulate their psychological well-being,and create a supportive environment for children's social-emotional development.Families,preschools,and society should establish collaborative mechanisms to support mothers'childrearing and relieve their parenting stress.