劳动控制与边界生产:民办幼师情感劳动过程研究

Labor Control and Boundary Production:A Study on the Emotional Labor Process of Private Kindergarten Teachers

以四川一家民办幼儿园为例,对民办幼师的情感劳动过程进行了深描,发现民办幼师的情感劳动非常复杂,需要处理与幼儿、家长、管理者、同事等四方主体的关系。由于身份不被承认和过度的劳动控制,民办幼师的工作处于巨大的不稳定之中。为了获得相对的稳定性,民办幼师的情感劳动更多表现为围绕关系的“边界生产”过程。民办幼师的情感劳动可以分为两部分:一部分投入到幼儿,意在打破边界以建构如同母亲一样的亲密;另一部分则投入到家长、管理者及同事上,意在建立边界以削弱劳动控制。两部分之间存在冲突,后者在一定程度上阻止了前者的良性运行。为了保障民办幼儿园的教育质量,亟需提升民办幼师工作的稳定性,承认其身份和减少对其的劳动控制,使其能够全身心地投入到对幼儿的保教工作上,不致持续陷入到与非幼儿主体的“关系性斗争”之中。

With a private kindergarten in Sichuan as the examination object,this paper has thick description of the emotional labor process of private kindergarten teachers.It is found that is very complicated and needs to deal with the relationship with four subjects:children,parents,managers,and colleagues.Due to unrecognized status and excessive labor control,private kindergarten teachers are in great instability.In order to obtain relative stability,the emotional labor of them is more manifested as the“boundary production”process around the relationship.It can be divided into two parts:one is devoted to young children,intended to break down boundaries to construct a mother-like intimacy;the other is directed at parents,managers and colleagues,in an effort to establish boundaries and weaken labor controls.There is a conflict between the two parts,the latter to some extent preventing the former from benign operation.In order to improve the education quality of private kindergartens,it is urgent to improve the stability of private kindergarten teachers'work,recognize their identity and reduce their labor control,so that they can devote themselves to the work of children and do not continuously fall into the“relational struggle"”with non-children subjects.