2019—2021年浙江省某医院儿童呼吸道疾病就诊情况及就诊行为分析

Prevalence and consultation behavior of childhood respiratory diseases in a hospital in Zhejiang Province in 2019-2021

目的 分析2019—2021年冬春换季期间浙江省儿童呼吸道疾病的患病情况及就诊行为变化的原因,为医院资源配置,开展流行病的防控提供参考。方法 回顾性研究2019—2021年每年1月23日至4月23日浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院的256 937例门诊病历数据,运用统计学方法进行数据分析。结果 杭州市外就诊人数在2019—2021年占比分别为41.74%、14.36%、18.53%。0~2岁、3~6岁、7~14岁的上呼吸道感染就诊占比分别为49.54%、45.95%、46.74%;下呼吸道感染的就诊占比分别为42.90%、31.76%、22.95%;流感的就诊占比分别为2.23%、3.15%、4.09%;哮喘的就诊占比分别为1.37%、5.08%、8.15%。结论 2019—2021年,儿童呼吸道疾病的患病总量、患病种类占比、患儿所属地构成比例均发生显著变化。应继续开展儿童呼吸道疾病的监测,实时掌握患儿就诊动态变化,调整医院接诊模式,提升区域儿童呼吸道疾病防控效率。

Objective To analyze the causes of changes in the prevalence of respiratory diseases and the reason for changes in medical visit behavior of children in Zhejiang Province during the winter and spring seasons of 2019-2021,and to provide important reference for the allocation of hospital resources,implementation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment,and epidemic prevention and control.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 256937 outpatient medical records from January 23rd to April 23rd of each year from 2019 to 2021 at the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Statistical methods were used for data analysis.Results A total of 256937 cases were selected in the present study,including 157000 cases in 2019,22192 cases in 2020,and 77745 cases in 2021.The number of patients to the Children′s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from outside Hangzhou accounted for 41.74%,14.36%,and 18.53%in 2019-2021,respectively.For 0~2 years old,3~6 years old,and 7~14 years old groups,the percentages of patients with upper respiratory tract infections were 49.54%,45.95%,and 46.74%,respectively;with lower respiratory tract infections were 42.90%,31.76%,and 22.95%;with influenza were 2.23%,3.15%and 4.09%;and with asthma were 1.37%,5.08%,and 8.15%,respectively.Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,there have been significant changes in the total number of respiratory diseases in children,the proportion of disease types,and the proportion of children′s geographical composition.It is necessary to continue to monitor children′s respiratory diseases,grasp the dynamic changes in their medical visits in real time,adjust the hospital admission model,implement the graded treatment policy,and promote the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in children.