2013—2022年淮安市水痘流行病学监测及暴发疫情分析

Epidemiological characteristics and outbreak analysis of varicella in Huai′an City in 2013-2022

目的 分析江苏省淮安市2013—2022年水痘流行病学特征,为制定淮安市水痘有效防治策略提供依据。方法 采用描述流行病学研究方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中淮安市2013—2022年水痘病例资料及突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统中的水痘疫情资料进行分析。结果 2013—2022年淮安市累计报告水痘病例32 325例,发病率总体有升高趋势,发病有明显冬春高发季节性;各区县中市中心城区发病率较高;男女报告发病数之比为1.16∶1;5~9岁组报告病例数最多,占总发病人数的39.43%;职业分布以学生构成最多,占总发病数的54.77%;2013—2022年淮安市累计报告水痘突发公共卫生事件70起,发生地点最多为小学,共报告45起,占报告总数的64.29%。结论 2023年将水痘纳入国家计划免疫后,建议加大接种疫苗的宣传力度,对学生等高风险人群进行水痘疫苗的普种,尤其提高水痘疫苗的第二针接种率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Huai′an City,Jiangsu Province from 2013-2022,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies for varicella in Huai′an City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of 2013-2022 varicella cases in Huai′an City from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and the varicella epidemic data from the public health emergency reporting management information system.Results A total of 32325 varicella cases were reported during 2013-2022.The overall incidence rate showed an upward trend,with an obvious seasonal high incidence in winter and spring.The incidence rate in the central urban areas of all districts and counties was relatively higher.The ratio of male to female in reported cases was 1.16∶1.The most cases were people aged 5-9 years old,accounting for 39.43%of the total number of cases.In terms of occupational distribution,students predominated,accounting for 54.77%of the total number of cases.From 2013 to 2022,a total of 70 public health outbreaks of varicella were reported in Huai′an,with the majority(45)occurring in primary schools,accounting for 64.29%of the total.Conclusion After the introduction of varicella into the national planned immunization program in 2023,it is recommended to increase the publicity of vaccination,carry out universal vaccination of varicella vaccine for high-risk groups such as students,and particularly increase the second dose coverage of varicella vaccine.