我国特殊学生评价政策的演进、特征与展望

The Evolution,Characteristics,and Prospects of the Evaluation Policy for Special Students in China

特殊教育是我国教育体系的重要组成部分,特殊学生评价政策的制订与完善有利于推进特殊教育评价的改革与发展。改革开放以来,我国特殊学生评价政策经历了酝酿起步期、持续探索期、加速发展期和更新转型期四个发展阶段。特殊学生评价政策在评价理念、评价内容、评价方式及评价指标等方面取得明显进展,呈现出由关注结果转向强化培养、由学科测试转向综合素质评价、由片面单一转向多元兼顾、由简单笼统转向丰富细化的特征。为促进新时代特殊学生全面适宜健康发展,需要强化评价主体的多元化和专业化,建立适合特殊学生发展的综合评价指标体系,开发基于现代信息技术的评价工具,建立特殊学生评价保障机制。

Special education is an essential component of our education system.The formulation and improvement of policies for special-needs students contribute to the advancement and reform of special education evaluation.Since China's reform and opening-up policy,the evaluation policy for special-needs students has undergone four stages:initial preparation,continuous exploration,accelerated development,and renewal and transformation.The policy has made remarkable progress in terms of evaluation concepts,evaluation content,evaluation methods,and evaluation indicators,showing a shift from focusing on outcomes to strengthening cultivation,from subject-based testing to multi-dimensional comprehensive quality evaluation,from being one-sided and unitary to considering multiple factors,and from being simple and general to being rich and detailed.To promote the comprehensive and healthy development of special-needs students in the new era,we need to strengthen the diversification and specialization of evaluation subjects,formulate a comprehensive evaluation index system suitable for the development of special-needs students,develop evaluation tools based on modern information technology,and establish a guarantee mechanism for evaluation of special-needs students.