全氟辛酸对肉鸡肝脏和十二指肠的损伤作用

Damaging Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Liver and Duodenum of Broilers

全氟辛酸(PFOA)是环境中常见的一种有机污染物,可以通过饲料或饮水进入机体,对家禽的健康产生威胁。为探究PFOA对肉鸡生长性能、胸肌肉品质、肝脏和十二指肠的影响,本试验将160羽1日龄健康爱拔益佳肉鸡随机分为4个组,分别于试验4~42 d在饮水中添加0 mg/L PFOA(C组)、0.5 mg/L PFOA(D组)、1 mg/L PFOA(Z组)和1.5 mg/L PFOA(G组),每组4个重复,每个重复10羽鸡。于试验42 d在每个重复中随机选取4羽鸡处死,收集胸肌、肝脏和十二指肠,计算平均日增重和肝脏指数;检测胸肌亮度值、红度值、黄度值、pH和蒸煮损失;组织病理学观察肉鸡肝脏和十二指肠的形态变化;检测肉鸡肝脏中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的活力;检测肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测肉鸡肝脏和十二指肠中白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果显示,与C相比,PFOA处理会对肉鸡肝脏和十二指肠造成不同程度的损伤,其中1.5 mg/L的PFOA会使肉鸡平均日增重极显著降低(P<0.01),肝脏指数极显著增加(P<0.01),蒸煮损失显著升高(P<0.05),肝细胞出现空泡变性和核固缩,且AST和ALT的活力极显著升高(P<0.01),MDA、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量极显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性极显著降低(P<0.01);并引起肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度变低、肿胀,且IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。结果表明,饮水中添加1.5 mg/L PFOA会增加肉鸡胸肌蒸煮损失,导致肝脏细胞损伤和炎症反应,使抗氧化能力降低;且导致肉鸡十二指肠绒毛变短、水肿和炎症反应。

Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)is a common environmental organic pollutant that poses a threat to the health of poultry when ingested through feed or water.To investigate the impact of PFOA on the growth performance,breast muscle quality,liver,and duodenum of broilers,160 healthy Arbor Acres broilers at 1 day old were randomly divided into four groups.From day 4 to 42 of the experiment,PFOA was added to the drinking water at concentrations of 0 mg/L(Group C),0.5 mg/L(Group D),1 mg/L(Group Z),and 1.5 mg/L(Group G),with 4 replicates per group and 10 chickens per replicate.At day 42,four chickens were randomly selected from each replicate,euthanized,and breast muscle,liver,and duodenum were collected.The average daily gain and liver index were calculated,and measurements were taken for brightness,redness,yellowness,pH,and cooking loss of the breast muscle.Histopathological observations were made on the morphological changes in the liver and duodenum of broilers.The activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in the chicken liver was determined.Additionally,the activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the liver were measured.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the liver and duodenum of broilers.The results showed that compared with Group C,the PFOA treated group will cause different damage of broiler liver and duodenum.Among them,1.5 mg/L of PFOA significantly decreased the average daily gain of broilers(P<0.01),significantly increased the liver index(P<0.01),significantly increased cooking loss(P<0.05),induced vacuolar degeneration and nuclear condensation in liver cells,significantly increased the activity of AST and ALT(P<0.01),significantly increased the levels of MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.01),and significantly decreased the activity of SOD,CAT,and GSH-Px(P<0.01).Furthermore,it caused a decrease in villus height and swelling in the duodenum of broilers,with a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.01).The results indicate that the addition of 1.5 mg/L PFOA to drinking water increases cooking loss in broiler breast muscle,induces liver cell damage and inflammation,and reduces antioxidant capacity.It also leads to shorter villi,edema,and inflammatory responses in the duodenum of broilers.