黑龙江省大庆地区猫下泌尿道疾病的调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Diseases in Daqing,Heilongjiang Province

为了解黑龙江省大庆地区猫下泌尿道疾病(FLUTD)的发病规律,本调查收集大庆地区4家宠物医院在2019年1月—2020年12月期间704例有完整病史、临床检查、血液和尿液分析结果的病例,对其病因、患猫年龄、发病季节、品种、性别和去势(绝育)情况、体重、食用粮、共同居住猫数量、发病史、临床症状和血液生化检查结果进行统计分析。结果显示,引起猫FLUTD的病因主要包括猫自发性膀胱炎(FIC,n=351,49.9%)、尿石症(UC,n=227,32.2%)、细菌性膀胱炎(BC,n=70,9.9%)、尿道阻塞(UO,n=52,7.4%)和膀胱肿瘤(BT,n=4,0.6%);1~6岁猫多发(n=649,92.2%);春季和冬季(发病率分别为43.6%和22.7%)是高发季节;短毛猫易发(n=606,86.1%);公猫发病率(n=478,67.9%)明显高于母猫(n=226,32.1%),尤其是去势公猫(n=265,37.6%);各诊断结果组间体重差异不显著(P>0.05);食用干粮猫的患病率(n=393,55.8%)高于食用湿粮的猫(n=160,22.7%)和干湿混合粮的猫(n=151,21.5%);饲养单猫占比较高(n=438,62.2%);FIC、UC和UO患猫复发率较高;FLUTD患猫临床表现出尿频、尿闭和血尿症状较明显,其中UO和BT患猫的尿闭症状较明显。本调查704例FLUTD患猫中,313例患猫(44.5%)发生了急性肾损伤(AKI),BT、UC和UO患猫发生AKI的占比较高(分别为100%、75.3%和67.3%),共占调查样本总体AKI数量的67.1%(210/313)。结果表明,大庆地区FLUTD的主要原因是FIC和UC,但年龄、季节、品种、性别、去势(绝育)情况、体重、食用粮、共同居住猫数量、发病史、临床症状和血液生化检查结果也对该病的发生有影响,梗阻性因素(BT、UO和UC)是猫发生AKI的风险因素。

In order to understand the occurrence patterns of feline lower urinary tract disease(FLUTD)in Daqing,Heilongjiang Province,this investigation collected 704 cases with complete medical histories,clinical examinations,and blood and urine analysis results from four pet hospitals in Daqing between January 2019 and December 2020.Statistical analysis was conducted on the etiology,age,onset season,breed,gender and neutering status,weight,diet,number of cohabitating cats,medical history,clinical symptoms,and blood biochemical examination results.The results revealed that the main causes of FLUTD in cats were feline idiopathic cystitis(FIC,n=351,49.9%),urinary calculus(UC,n=227,32.2%),bacterial cystitis(BC,n=70,9.9%),urethral obstruction(UO,n=52,7.4%),and bladder tumor(BT,n=4,0.6%).Cats aged 1-6 years were more prone to FLUTD(n=649,92.2%),and the high incidence seasons were spring and winter(43.6%and 22.7%,respectively).Short-haired cats were more susceptible(n=606,86.1%),and the incidence rate was significantly higher in male cats(n=478,67.9%)compared with female cats(n=226,32.1%),especially in neutered male cats(n=265,37.6%).There was no significant weight difference among different diagnostic groups(P>0.05).Cats fed with dry food had a higher incidence rate(n=393,55.8%)than those fed with wet food(n=160,22.7%)and a combination of dry and wet food(n=151,21.5%).Single-cat households were more prevalent(n=438,62.2%).Cats with FIC,UC,and UO showed a higher recurrence rate.Clinical manifestations of FLUTD included frequent urination,urinary obstruction,and hematuria,with pronounced symptoms in cats with UO and BT.Among the 704 FLUTD cases investigated,313 cats(44.5%)experienced acute kidney injury(AKI),with a higher proportion in cats with BT,UC,and UO(100%,75.3%,and 67.3%,respectively),accounting for 67.1%(210/313)of the overall AKI cases.The results indicate that FIC and UC are the main causes of FLUTD in Daqing.However,factors such as age,season,breed,gender,neutering status,weight,diet,cohabitating cat numbers,medical history,clinical symptoms,and blood biochemical examination results also influence the occurrence of this disease.Obstructive factors(BT,UO,and UC)pose a risk for AKI in cats.