犬利什曼病诊断的回顾性分析

Retrospective Analysis of Canine Leishmaniasis Diagnosis

为了总结分析北京地区犬利什曼病的流行特点、临床特征和诊断方法等,本调查收集在中国农业大学教学动物医院确诊的5例利什曼病患犬的病例资料,包括患犬的基本信息、病史、临床症状、病原学检查、实验室检查和影像学检查结果,并对患犬转归情况进行电话追踪访问后汇总。结果显示,3例(3/5)患犬来自北京市门头沟区。所有患犬(5/5)均有不同的皮肤病症状,4例(4/5)患犬体表淋巴结增大;个别患犬症状还包括葡萄膜炎、眼睑炎和不同程度的消瘦等。病原学检查结果显示,所有患犬均呈利氏曼原虫阳性;实验室检查结果显示,患犬表现贫血、高球蛋白血症和肾损伤等;影像学检查结果显示,部分患犬出现肾皮质回声增强。电话回访后得知,4例(4/5)患犬预后良好,1例患犬死亡。结果表明,利什曼病患犬常见临床症状为皮肤病变合并体表淋巴结肿大,但具体临床表现形式多样。通过对皮肤病变组织或淋巴结穿刺物进行利什曼原虫形态学观察和/或PCR特异性核酸检测可确诊该病。利氏曼病为人兽共患病,本调查通过描述患犬不同临床症状表现和诊治方法,为北京市门头沟及其周边区域利氏曼病的诊治提供科学依据,以期提高疾病的诊治效率,保障伴侣动物和人类的健康。

In order to summarize and analyze the epidemiological characteristics,clinical features,and diagnostic methods of canine leishmaniasis in Beijing,this investigation collected data from five confirmed cases of leishmaniasis in dogs at the China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.The collected information included basic details of the affected dogs,medical history,clinical symptoms,results of pathogen examination,laboratory tests,and imaging studies.Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted to compile information on the outcomes of the affected dogs.The results revealed that three cases(3/5)of affected dogs were from Mentougou District in Beijing.All dogs(5/5)exhibited various skin lesions,and four cases(4/5)had enlarged superficial lymph nodes.Additional symptoms in individual dogs included uveitis,eyelid inflammation,and varying degrees of emaciation.Pathogen examination results showed that all affected dogs tested positive for Leishmania.Laboratory tests indicated anemia,hyperglobulinemia,and kidney damage in the affected dogs.Imaging studies revealed enhanced renal cortical echoes in some dogs.According to telephone follow-up,four cases(4/5)of affected dogs had a good prognosis,while one case died.The results indicate that clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis in dogs commonly include skin lesions combined with superficial lymph node enlargement,but the specific clinical manifestations are diverse.Definitive diagnosis can be achieved through morphological observation of Leishmania in skin lesion tissues or lymph node aspirates and/or specific PCR nucleic acid detection.Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease,and this investigation,by describing different clinical symptom presentations and diagnostic methods in affected dogs,provides a scientific basis for the diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis in the Mentougou District and its surrounding areas in Beijing.The aim is to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment,ensuring the health of companion animals and humans.