综合洗消体系对阻断非洲猪瘟病毒传入猪场的作用

Effect of Comprehensive Washing and Disinfection System on Blocking the Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus into Pig Farms

切断非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)传播途径是防控非洲猪瘟的有效手段。本试验旨在通过在某种猪场建立综合洗消体系以阻断ASFV传入。对拟进入猪场的车辆在出发前和距猪场1 km处清洗和消毒,在猪场门口进行第3次消毒;人员进入猪场前洗澡和隔离,并将其衣物消毒;输入物资进场前消毒。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测经洗消的车辆、人员、物资和猪场内猪只携带ASFV核酸情况,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测猪只的ASFV抗体水平。结果显示,2019、2020、2021和2022年,车辆ASFV检出率分别为2.6%、1.3%、0和0,人员ASFV检出率分别为3.0%、1.1%、0和0.9%,物资ASFV检出率分别为12.5%、0、5.9%和0;4年间,猪场内猪只的ASFV核酸和抗体检测均为阴性。结果表明,通过建立完善的洗消体系并开展ASFV检测,能有效阻断ASFV传入猪场。

Interrupting the transmission routes of African swine fever virus(ASFV)is an effective measure in preventing and controlling African swine fever.This study aimed to establish a comprehensive washing and disinfection system in a pig farm to block the transmission of ASFV.Vehicles intending to enter the farm were washed and disinfected before departure and 1 km away from the farm,with a third disinfection at the entrance of the farm.Personnel entering the farm underwent bathing and isolation,and their clothing was disinfected.Materials entering the farm were disinfected before entry.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect ASFV nucleic acid in disinfected vehicles,personnel,materials,and pigs in the farm.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure ASFV antibody levels in pigs.The results showed that in 2019,2020,2021,and 2022,the ASFV detection rates in vehicles were 2.6%,1.3%,0,and 0,respectively;for personnel,the rates were 3.0%,1.1%,0,and 0.9%,respectively;and for materials,the rates were 12.5%,0,5.9%,and 0,respectively.Over the four years,ASFV nucleic acid and antibody testing in pigs of the farm were negative.The results indicate that establishing a comprehensive washing and disinfection system and conducting ASFV testing can effectively block the transmission of ASFV into pig farms.