债务人失联僵局中“信息修复”行为的合法性审视

Review on the Legality of "Information Restoration" in the Debtors Lost Contact Deadlock

近几年我国债务人失联率不断上升,债务人失联导致债权人无法催告其履行还款义务,债权人权益便无法得到实现。“三网修复,失联连通”模式依托三大运营商的数据获取失联债务人现有有效电话号码,对失联债务人进行“信息修复”,意在与失联债务人重新建立联系。实践中金融机构侵害个人信息权益乱象频现,为保护债务人个人信息安全,应将“信息修复”行为界定为对个人信息的处理,使其在《个人信息保护法》等法律规范中得以调整,以提升个人信息使用的规范性。“信息修复”行为中主要涉及的债务人身份证号码以及电话号码应被纳入敏感个人信息的范畴并给予特殊保护,债权人应当履行不同于一般个人信息的告知义务,同时还应保证债务人“同意”的具体落实,确保“信息修复”行为的合法化运行。

In recent years,the rate of debtor loss connect has been rising in China,which makes creditors unable to urge them to fulfill their repayment obligations,and the rights and interests of creditors cannot be realized.The "three networks repair,get back in touch" model explores a way to obtain the existing effective phone numbers of the lost debtors by relying on the data of the three major operators and carry out "information repair" for the lost debtors,with the intention of re-establishing contact with the debtor who lost connection.In practice,financial institutions often violate the rights and interests of personal information.In order to protect the security of debtors' personal information,"information repair" should be defined as the processing of personal information,which should be adjusted by legal norms such as the Personal Information Protection Law,in order to improve the standardization of personal information use.The debtor's ID card number and telephone number mainly involved in the act of "information repair" should be included in the category of sensitive personal information and given special protection.Creditors should perform the obligation of notification different from general personal information,and ensure the specific implementation of the debtor's "consent" to ensure the legalization of the act of "information repair".