中国央企领导人的选任与流动——基于1998—2021年央企领导干部履历的实证研究

Selection and Mobility of Leaders of Central State-Owned Enterprises in China—An Empirical Study Based on the Resumes of Leading Cadres of Central Enterprises from 1998 to 2021

央企领导人是中国共产党在经济领域的执政骨干,也是中国共产党政治家集团的重要组成部分。为深入认识这一重要精英群体的结构、更替进而读懂中国共产党如何培养治国理政复合型人才,本文以央企领导人为研究对象,采用实证分析法和比较分析法,总结出1998年至2021年央企领导人的组成特征与仕途发展情况,并通过不同企业功能类型、行政级别、国资委成立前后以及不同领导人时期的交叉比较分析,深入探究了央企领导人选任特点和流动规律。结果表明,央企领导人选任呈现四个特点:制度规范化、条件专业化、选拔内部化、标准精细化。流动规律上,“级别”与“类别”均对央企领导人的仕途发展有重要影响,而犹以“级别”影响最为显著,其仕途晋升则受到级别与“非制度关联”的双重影响。央企领导岗位已经成为党中央培养领导干部治理经验、考察工作能力的“练兵场”。

The leaders of Central State-Owned enterprises are the backbone of the CPC(the Communist Party of China)in the economic field and an important part of the political group of the CPC.In order to have a deep understanding of the structure and turnover of this important elite group,and then to understand how the CPC cultivates compound talents in governance and politics,this study focuses on the leaders of central enterprises,adopts an empirical analysis and comparative analysis,and summarizes the composition characteristics and official career development of the leaders of Central State-Owned enterprises from 1998 to 2021.Through a comparative analysis of different enterprise function types,administrative levels,before and after the establishment of the SASAC and during different leadership periods,the paper explores the characteristics and flow rules of the selection and appointment of Central State-Owned enterprise leaders.The characteristics of the selection and appointment of the leaders reveal four aspects:standardized system,specialized conditions,internalized selection and refined standards.In terms of the flow law,both“level of central enterprises”and“category of central enterprises”have an important influence on the official career development of central enterprise leaders,and“level”is the most significant influence,which is the key factor affecting the official career development of central enterprise leaders,and their promotion is influenced by the dual influence of level and informal relationship.The leadership position of central enterprises has become a“training ground”for the CPC Central Committee to cultivate leading cadres’governance experience and work ability.