基本养老保险参与会影响养老焦虑吗?——基于CGSS2021的经验证据

Would Participation in Basic Pension Insurance Affect Aging Concerns?-Empirical Evidence based on CGSS2021

基本养老保险作为我国社会保障体系的重要组成部分,是养老保障体系建设的基础。为探究公众基本养老保险参与行为与其养老焦虑的关系,以期为政府持续推动基本养老保险全覆盖提供经验证据,本文利用中国综合社会调查2021年数据,通过倾向性得分匹配法分析公众基本养老保险参与行为对养老焦虑的平均处理效应。结果表明,公众养老焦虑普遍较高,参与基本养老保险能显著降低公众养老焦虑,四种匹配方法的平均处理效应(ATT)均在0.05%水平上显著,证明基本养老保险参与能够降低养老焦虑,且这种缓解作用存在群体差异。异质性分析发现,基本养老保险参与行为对男性、受教育程度较高、农村户籍、家庭收入较低的公众的养老焦虑的减缓作用更强。因此,政府应稳步推进基本养老保险全覆盖,同时关注不同群体养老焦虑以及参保行为的差异。

As an important part of China's social security system,basic pension insurance is the foun-dation for the construction of the pension security system.In order to explore the relationship between the public's basic pension insurance participation behaviour and their aging concerns,with a view to providing empirical evidence for the government's continuous promotion of full coverage of basic pension insurance,this paper analyses the average treatment effect of the public's basic pension insurance participation behav-iour on aging concerns through the propensity score matching method,using the data from the China General Social Survey 2021.The results show that public aging concern is generally high,and participation in basic old-age insurance can significantly reduce public aging concerns,and the average treatment effect(ATT)of the four matching methods is significant at the 0.05%level,which proves that participation in basic old-age insurance can reduce aging concerns,and there is a group difference in this alleviating effect.Heteroge-neity analysis shows that the participation in basic pension insurance has a stronger effect on male,higher educated group,rural household,and lower-income group.Therefore,the government should steadily pro-mote the full coverage of basic pension insurance,and at the same time pay attention to the differences in old-age anxiety as well as the participation behaviour of different groups.