看电视如何影响幸福感?——直接效果和社会交往、物质主义的中介效应分析

How does TV Viewing Influence the Happiness? Direct Effect and Mediating Roles of Social Interaction and Materialism

看电视是中国人日常生活的重要休闲方式,作为家庭媒介的电视也长期是中国的第一媒介,作为社会细胞的家庭是幸福感的源泉,看电视影响了人们的生活质量和幸福感,看电视对主观幸福感具有直接和间接影响。基于2013和2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,本文发现日常看电视和空闲时间看电视(或看碟)均直接提升了人们的主观幸福感,但只有至少达到“经常”或“每天”看电视才能显著提升人们的幸福感,表明电视使用对幸福感的提升具有一定的门槛。本文通过相互竞争的两个中介机制分析了看电视对主观幸福感的间接影响,中介分析发现,看电视通过促进人们的社会交往间接提升了人们的主观幸福感,但看电视并没有因为提升了物质主义倾向而降低幸福感。

Watching TV has become an important form of leisure in Chinese people's daily lives, and television as a family medium has also long been the number one medium in China. As a social cell,the family is the source of happiness, and watching TV affects people's quality of life and happiness. Television viewing has both direct and indirect effects on subjective well-being. Based on the 2013and 2021 China General Social Survey(CGSS) data, this paper finds that both daily TV viewing and free time TV viewing(or DVD watching) directly enhance people's subjective happiness, but only “frequent” or “daily” TV viewing can significantly enhance people's happiness, indicating that TV use has a certain threshold for enhancing happiness. This paper analyzes the indirect effect of TV viewing on subjective well-being through two competing mediation mechanisms, and the mediation analysis reveals that TV watching indirectly enhances people's subjective well-being through promoting social interaction, but TV watching does not reduce well-being because of enhanced materialistic tendencies.