黄瓜属植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and PharmacologicalActivities of Plants in the Cucumis Genus

目前我国黄瓜属植物的研究主要集中在甜瓜、黄瓜和小马泡。甜瓜和黄瓜的主要化学成分是葫芦素类和黄酮类化合物。小马泡的主要化学成分是黄酮类、香豆素类和醌类化合物。甜瓜和黄瓜中葫芦素A、葫芦素B、葫芦素C、葫芦素I和葫芦素C类似物已被证实具有广泛的抗肿瘤活性,能抗肝癌、宫颈癌、食管癌、非小细胞肺癌、结肠癌、鼻咽癌、胃癌等癌症。甜瓜中的齐墩果烷型五环三萜cucumol B对卵巢癌和乳腺癌细胞具有选择性和强效作用。葫芦素B还有抗炎、保肝和降血糖活性。小马泡中黄酮类、香豆素类、蒽醌类和萘醌类有保肝活性,小马泡中的香豆素衍生物还有抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。甜瓜和黄瓜的提取物有抗炎活性。甜瓜提取物有抗氧化活性。黄瓜提取物有抗凝血、抗血栓、止咳祛痰和促进骨折愈合活性。文章综述了近20年国内外对上述3种黄瓜属植物的化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,以期为该属植物的深入研究与开发利用提供参考。

The research on Cucumis have mainly focused on Cucumis melo,Cucumis sativus and Cucumis biseualis to date.Cucurbitacins and flavonoids were the main chemical constituents of C.melo and C.sativus.Flavonoids,coumarins and quinones were the main chemical constituents of C.biseualis.Cucurbitacin A,cucurbitacin B,cucurbitacin C,cucurbitacin I and cucurbitacin C analogues from C.melo and C.sativus showed cytotoxicity against a variety of human cancer cell lines,including liver cancer,cervical cancer,esophageal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,colon cancer,nasopharyngeal cancer,and gastric cancer.Oleanane pentacyclic triterpenoid cucumol B in C.melo had selective and potent antitumor effects on ovarian cancer and breast cancer cells.Cucurbitacin B also possessed anti-inflammatory,hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic activities.Flavonoids,coumarins,anthraquinones and naphthoquinones in C.biseualis had hepatoprotective activity.The coumarin derivatives in C.biseualis also had anti-acetylcholinesterase activity.The extracts of C.melo and C.sativus had anti-inflammatory activity.The extracts of C.melo had antioxidant activity.The extracts of C.sativus had anticoagulation,anti-thrombosis,cough suppressant,eliminating phlegm and promoting fracture healing activities.In this review,the chemical constituents and biological activities of C.melo,C.sativus and C.biseualis in the past 20 years were summarized,providing a reference for the further study and utilization of plants in the Cucumisgenus.