《本草备要》药物十剂分类构成考察分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Classification of Ten FunctionalTypes of Formularies in Essentials of Materia Medica

唐代陈藏器《本草拾遗》药物十剂问世后,千余年间未能得到广泛传播和利用。研究表明,清代汪昂编撰《本草备要》时,大量标定药物十剂属性,并冠于药论之首,便于把握和选用;根据药物功能,提炼与药物功能吻合、单一或复合的十剂属性;大胆修改原十剂示范药物,扩充十剂属性的早期内涵。在充实和修改药物十剂方面做出了积极贡献。但因十剂去壅、去滞、去弱、去闭、去实、去怯、去脱、去着、去湿和去枯功能过于简约,且表达的象属性彼此重叠,随着归类后各剂药物数量的增加,超出原功能属性药物大量羼入,使十剂原始意涵发生不同程度的改变。故在阐明其学术价值和贡献时,应客观评价其得失。

After the advent of ten functional types of formularies in Supplement to the Newly-revised Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty's CHEN Zangqi,it was not widely distributed and utilized for more than a thousand years.Studies had shown that when WANG Ang compiled the Essentials of Materia Medica in Qing Dynasty,a large number of drugs were labeled with the properties of ten functional types of formularies and crowned first in the theory of medicine to grasp and select easily.According to the function of drugs,ten functional types of formularies were refined and matched with single or complex properties.To expanded the early connotation of ten properties,the demonstration drugs of the original ten functional types of formularies were modified.WANG Ang had made positive contributions in enriching and modifying ten functional types of formularies.But the functions of ten functional types of formularies,treating congestion syndrome,stagnation syndrome,faintness syndrome,excess syndrome,full syndrome,cowardice syndrome,depletion syndrome,turbidity syndrome,phlegm dampness syndrome and exhaustion syndrome,were too simple and overlap each other.The original meaning of the ten functional types of formularies were changed with the increasing number of classified herbs with the function to exceed the original functional properties.Therefore,when clarifying its academic value and contribution,it should objectively evaluate its gains and losses.