青少年血压水平、尿蛋白及其相关影响因素的探究

Study on blood pressure,urinary protein and relevant factors in adolescents

目的通过分析1748例11~17岁的青少年血压、身高、体质量及尿蛋白等数据,试图探究青少年人群高血压、蛋白尿与性别、体质量、身高等因素间可能存在的关系。方法使用SPSS22.0进行统计分析,统计方法涉及χ~2检验、t检验,单因素方差分析、二元logistic回归、多元logistic回归。结果分析来自上海4所中学年龄11~17岁的青少年共计1748例,发现11~13岁儿童高血压患病风险是14~17岁青少年的1.69倍,2级高血压的发生率则为2.13倍;女性出现血压正常高值的风险是男性的1.54倍,消瘦及正常体型人群血压异常的患病率较肥胖人群显著降低;而尿蛋白/肌酐比值(urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,UACR)阳性率受性别、年龄段及血压的影响,女性风险是男性的3.27倍,而儿童风险是青少年的1.63倍,2级高血压显著增加UACR阳性率,但其他血压水平不会带来显著差异。结论青少年血压水平与年龄、体质量指数分级及性别有一定相关性,UACR阳性率与性别、年龄段及血压是否异常有关,但仅2级高血压增加UACR阳性风险。

Objective To explore the possible relationships between hypertension,proteinuria,gender,body mass,height,and other factors in the adolescent population by analyzing data on blood pressure,height,body mass,and urinary protein in 1 748 adolescents aged 11 to 17.Method SPSS22.0 was used as the statistical analysis software.The statistical methods involved χ~2 test,t-test,one-way analysis of variance,binary and multiple logistic regression.Result A total of 1 748 adolescents aged between 11 and 17 from four middle schools in Shanghai were analyzed.The analysis found that the risk of hypertension in children aged 11-13 was 1.69 times higher than that of adolescents aged 14-17,and the incidence of grade 2 hypertension was 2.13 times higher.The risk of normal high blood pressure in women was 1.54 times higher than that in men,and the incidence of abnormal blood pressure in lean and normal individuals was significantly lower than that in obese individuals.The positive rate of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR) was affected by gender,age and blood pressure.The risk of women was 3.27 times higher than that of men,and the risk of children was 1.63 times higher than that of adolescents.Grade 2 hypertension significantly increased UACR positivity rate,but other blood pressure levels did not show significant differences.Conclusion There is a certain correlation between adolescent blood pressure levels and age,body mass index grading and gender.The positive rate of UACR is related to gender,age group and abnormal blood pressure,but only grade 2 hypertension increases the risk of UACR positivity.