党领导早期社会建设的实践与经验:对陕甘宁边区的分析

The Practice and Experience of Party Leadership in Early Social Construction:An Analysis of the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region

中国共产党陕甘宁边区政府团结带领人民群众造就了政治清明、经济自足、社会廉洁、文化勃兴的社会治理典范。在社会建设方面,中国共产党人在“文化教育的荒漠”中大力推行边区教育事业;创设“保教合一”的儿童保育模式;实行优待移民、难民、灾民并鼓励垦荒的社会救济;创设“拥军优属拥政爱民”活动,加强军民团结;鼓励妇女接受教育、参与劳动以促进妇女解放;力行勤俭节约和躬行示范官民平等,形成“只见公仆不见官”的崭新气象与工作作风;等等。由此,中国共产党人在实践上初步解答了社会主义由谁来领导、怎样领导、为谁服务等基本问题,形成了社会主义实践的宝贵经验。

The government of the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region united and led the people to create a model of social governance which was politicallyclear, economically self-sufficient, socially incorruptible, and culturally flourishing. In terms of social construction, the CPC members vigorouslypromoted education in the border area in a“ cultural and educational desert”, created the child care model of“ integrating education and protection”,and implemented social relief that favored immigrants, refugees, and victims and encouraged wasteland reclamation. Also, they established theactivity of“ supporting the army, supporting the families, supporting the government and loving the people” to strengthen the unity between the armyand the people, encouraged women to receive education and participate in work to promote women’s liberation, and practiced diligence, frugality aswell as the equality between officials and the people to form a new atmosphere and working style of “only seeing public servants rather thanofficials”. As a result, the Chinese Communists have initially answered in practice the basic questions of who should lead socialism, how to lead it,and whom to serve, with valuable experience in socialist practice formed.