张家口市宿根花卉资源及绿化应用潜力分析

Analysis of perennial flower resources and the potential for greening application in Zhangjiakou City

[目的]引用宿根花卉可有效解决张家口地区园林绿地一年生观赏草本花卉花期短、品种单调、更换次数多和维护成本高的问题。[方法]本研究基于实地踏勘,调查了张家口地区具有代表性的绿地中宿根花卉应用情况,并分析了宿根花卉生长发育的相关性状指标。[结果]相比于一年生草本花卉,张家口市宿根花卉种类较多,各类绿地共有宿根花卉17科41属45种,其中菊科9种、唇形科5种、鸢尾科3种,分别比同科一年生草本花卉多2倍、1.5倍、1倍。相比于一年生草本花卉,宿根花卉花色更为丰富,其花色共计11种,比一年生草本花卉多1.2倍。张家口市宿根花卉花色为黄色、蓝色和白色的花卉占据比例较高,分别为24.4%、17.1%和14.6%。不同种类宿根花卉观赏期在210~240 d之间,比一年生草本花卉长130%~160%。宿根花卉的萌动期集中在3月下旬到4月中旬,同一植物种植不同地点萌动期不同,公园游园植物萌动期比主干道提前3~5 d。不同种类宿根花卉覆盖度、越冬成活率和萎蔫率分别在90%~95%、81.6%~100%和0%~36.7%。宿根花卉第1年种植人工费及后期养护成本比一年生草本花卉低12元,第2年及以后投入成本仅为一年生草本花卉的6%左右。[结论]张家口地区宿根花卉种类较多,且具有更高的观赏价值和更低的后期管理成本,应用潜力比一年生草本花卉更大。

[Objective]The introduction of perennial flowers can effectively address issues such as short flowering periods,limited species diversity,frequent replacements,and high maintenance costs associated with ornamental annual plant in Zhangjiakou.[Methods]A field survey was conducted to investigate the application of perennial flowers in representative green spaces in Zhangjiakou.Subsequently,various growth-related shape indexes of these flowers were analyzed.[Results]The region hosted a more diverse range of perennial flowers compared to annual plant flowers,totaling 17 families,41 genera,and 45 species.Notably,Compositae,Labiatae,and Irises exceeded annual plant flowers by 200%,150%,and 100%,respectively.Perennial flowers exhibited higher ornamental value,boasting 11 color variations,a 120%increase over annual plant flowers.Yellow,blue,and white perennial flowers held higher proportions,constituting 24.4%,17.1%,and 14.6%,respectively.The flowering period for various perennial flowers extended from 210 to 240 days,surpassing annual plant flowers by 130%to 160%.Sprouting typically occurred from late March to mid-April,with variation in sprouting periods observed across different locations.Parks displayed sprouting 3~5 days earlier than on main roads.The coverage,overwintering survival rate,and wilting rate ranged from 90%to 95%,81.6%to 100%,and 0%to 36.7%,respectively,for different perennial flower species.In the initial year,labor and maintenance costs for perennial flowers were 12 Yuan lower than for annual plant flowers,and beyond the second year,late-stage maintenance costs were considerably lower for perennial flowers.[Conclusion]Zhangjiakou boasted a diverse array of perennial flowers with lower associated costs.The study indicated substantial application potential for perennial flowers in Zhangjiakou.