党参植株浸提液对3种药用植物的化感效应

Allelopathic Effects of Codonopsis pilosula Plant Extract on Three Medicinal Plants

目的探究党参种植对药用植物生长化感作用机理。方法采用培养皿生物测定法,研究党参腐烂茎叶(Y)和腐烂根系(G)对3种药用植物(党参、黄芪、当归)种子、幼苗萌发生长的影响,以及抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的变化,利用GC-MS测定两种浸提液中的化学组分,以期为药用植物资源可持续利用和轮作倒茬提供理论依据。结果党参腐烂茎叶和腐烂根系浸提液对党参、黄芪、当归种子萌发和幼苗生长均能产生抑制效应,且抑制效应随浓度递增。两种浸提液处理下3种药用植物MDA含量均显著增加,其抗氧化酶活性随着浸提液浓度增加而降低,且均低于CK。党参、黄芪的SOD和POD活性与根长呈显著正相关,与党参根鲜重呈极显著正相关。GC-MS结果显示,两种浸提液中5-羟甲基糠醛、2,3-二氢-3,5-二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮、环氧乙烷和乙酸铵含量较高。结论党参两种浸提液对3种药用植物生长发育产生了一定的抑制作用,在生产实践中应避免连年种植党参或在党参地种植黄芪、当归,以实现种植最大效益化。

Objective In order to explore the allelopathic mechanism of C.pilosula cultivation on the growth of medicinal plants.Methods The effects of rotting stems and leaves(Y)and rotting roots(G)of C.pilosula on the germination and growth of seeds and seedlings of three medicinal plants(C.pilosula,Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis),as well as the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content were studied by using dish bioassay,and the chemical components in the two extracts were further determined by GC-MS.It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources and crop rotation.Results The results showed that the extracts from the rotten stems and leaves and the rotten roots of C.pilosula could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of C.pilosula,Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis,and the inhibition effect increased with the concentration.The MDA content of the three medicinal plants increased significantly under the treatment of the two extracts,and the antioxidant enzyme activity decreased with the increase of the concentration of the extract,and was lower than CK.The activities of SOD and POD of C.pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus were significantly and positively correlated with root length and fresh weight of C.pilosula.GC-MS results showed that the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4(H)-pyran-4-one,ethylene oxide and ammonium acetate in the two extracts were higher.Conclusion To sum up,the two extracts of C.pilosula have a certain inhibitory effect on the growth and development of the three medicinal plants.In production practice,We should avoid planting C.pilosula for consecutive years or planting Astragalus and Angelica sinensis in C.pilosula fields to achieve the maximum benefit of planting.