电子数据合法性审查的真实化问题

Legality Review of the Authenticity of Electronic Data

电子数据合法性审查存在真实化问题,表现为合法性的审查内容包含真实性的保障措施,合法性裁判以真实性认定为依据,瑕疵电子数据补正规则和电子数据排除规则的混同,以及以证据真实性补正瑕疵电子数据。电子数据合法性审查的真实化问题,会导致电子数据合法性规则的虚化,侦查权力的任意行使与审判权的背书,以及被追诉主体权利保障的落空。究其原因,既有法官对实体真实的追求,也包括法律规则功能的复合性和审查、认定程序的混合性,还有法官对电子数据合法性规则的误读。解决合法性审查的真实化问题,在规则层面需要明确电子数据合法性的审查目的,厘清具有复合性功能法律规则的审查路径,完善电子数据取证程序规则和瑕疵电子数据补正规则,构建分层次的电子数据合法性问题专门审查程序;同时,要转变法院片面追求实体真实的观念,通过多种方式推动法官对法律规则的准确理解和适用。

The legality review of electronic data raises concerns about authenticity,encompassing various issues.These include the incorporation of authenticity safeguards within the legality review,the reliance on authenticity determination for legality judgements,the conflation of rules for rectifying flawed electronic data with rules for excluding electronic data,and the utilization of evidence authenticity to rectify flawed electronic data.The authenticity challenge in the examination of electronic data legality can result in the dilution of legality rules,arbitrary exercise of investigative powers with judicial support,and the failure to protect the rights of the accused.Factors contributing to this problem include judge's pursuit of substantive authenticity,the intricate nature of multifunctional legal rules,the mixture of review and determination procedures,and judge's misunderstanding of legality rules pertaining to electronic data.To address this authenticity issue,it is crucial to clarify the purpose of reviewing electronic data legality,establish distinct review paths for complex legal rules,improve rules for electronic data collection procedures and rectification of flawed data,and develop specialized examination procedures for legality issues in electronic data at various levels.Additionally,a shift in judges'mindset,away from a sole focus on substantive authenticity,is necessary,along with promoting accurate understanding and application of legal rules through various means.