日本产学官合作助推创新生态系统建设的实践经验及其对中国产学研融合发展的启示

Promoting the Construction of Innovation Ecosystem:Deepening Development and Practical Operation of Japanese Industry-university-government Cooperation

日本自第四期科学技术创新基本计划启动以来,助推创新生态系统建设成为其产学官合作的核心目标。为全面系统把握日本“产学官”纵深推动创新生态系统建设的合作机制,从驱动因素、规划设计、落地实践三方面入手进行分析,并以在区域创新生态系统建设计划中被评为优秀等级的“筑波创新生态系统”项目的建设实施为案例,具体分析其运作模式。分析结果表明,在创新驱动方面,科技创新作为产学官合作主体的利益联结点推动了政府、学术界、产业界持续深入地参与产学官合作活动;在制度举措方面,日本政府从构建“产学官”知识循环体系、提升产学官合作的规模与效能、加固并拓宽产学官合作桥梁、加速推进跨界主体的深度融合入手,对产学官合作政策进行了进阶优化。案例分析表明,立足区域优势规划设计、强化中介力量以推动跨界交互、促进协同运行以实现从知识生产到创新制造的循环迭代是日本产学官合作的实践特征。借鉴日本经验,未来我国产学研协同创新推进应在顶层设计上建立完善产学研融合发展机制、在驱动主体方面推动构建多元协同创新合作体、在动力核心方面充分发挥大学的知识生产作用、在运行保障方面注重引入中介协调力量。

Since the launch of the 4th Science and Technology Basic Plan in Japan,contributing to the development of innovation ecosystem has become a core objective of industry-university-government cooperation.In terms of innovation drive,science and technology innovation as the interest linkage of the main body of industry-university-government cooperation has driven the government,universities and industries to continuously and deeply participate in industry-university-government cooperation activities.In terms of institutional initiatives,the Japanese government has advanced and optimized its policy on industry-university-government cooperation by building a"knowledge"cycle system,increasing the scale and effectiveness of industry-university-government cooperation,strengthening and widening the bridges between industry-university-government cooperation,and accelerating the deeper integration of cross-border actors.In terms of practice,the case study of the"Tsukuba Innovation Ecosystem Building"reveals that industry-university-government cooperation is characterized by planning and design based on regional advantages,strengthening intermediary power to promote cross-border interaction,and promoting collaborative operation to realize the cycle of"knowledge production"to"innovation manufacturing".Drawing on the Japanese experience,China's industry-university collaboration in the promotion of innovation in the future should be established to improve the development mechanism of the integration of industry in the top-level design,academia and research,promote the construction of a pluralistic and collaborative innovation system in terms of driving bodies,and focus on bringing in intermediary coordination forces in terms of operational security.