中国西沙海域永兴岛—七连屿海域鱼体内有机污染物含量特征与来源解析及风险评价

Concentration and Distribution of Organic Pollutants in Fish of Yongxing and Qilianyu Islands,Xisha,China

环境中的有机污染物对生态系统和人类健康产生严重威胁。有机污染物在全球海域鱼体内普遍检出,且长期食用会对人类造成一定的健康风险。为研究中国西沙海域鱼体内有机污染物污染情况、来源及生态风险,本文利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析测定了永兴岛和七连屿鱼体内有机氯农药(OCPs)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量,采集了包括蜂巢石斑鱼、红裸颊鲷、黑身蓝子鱼在内的17种鱼类共50条。结果表明:鱼体内OCPs、PAHs和PCBs的总含量均值范围分别为2.23~91.57ng/g ww、2.11~31.70ng/g ww和1.55~54.04ng/g ww,平均值分别为32.50ng/g ww、17.29ng/g ww和18.79ng/g ww,中位数分别为16.92ng/g ww、13.34ng/g ww和7.61ng/g ww。双对氯苯基三氯乙烷(DDTs)类农药在美欧沿海鱼体内的含量分别为0.65~107.6ng/g ww和763~5357ng/g lw,中国浙江沿海水域鱼体内PAHs含量为10.4~140ng/g ww,地中海、意大利沿海和美国查尔斯顿港口采集的鱼体内PCBs含量分别为1234~12327ng/g lw、56.8~4791ng/g lw和5.02~232.20ng/g ww,研究区DDTs和PAHs含量水平处于全球海域的低端,推测由于研究区远离污染源。利用DDTs/[双对氯苯基二氯乙烯(DDE)+双对氯苯基二氯乙烷(DDD)]比值来判断DDTs的来源,研究区50%鱼体内DDTs/(DDE+DDD)>1,表明中国西沙海域有部分新近输入的DDTs,研究区沉积物来源为陆源,推测中国西沙海域DDTs为陆源DDTs和永兴岛农业活动的综合作用。利用蒽(ANT)/[ANT+菲(PHE)]比值>0.1或该比值<0.1来判断PAHs的来源是燃烧源还是石油源,研究区88%鱼体内ANT/(ANT+PHE)>0.1,表明PAHs来源于化石燃料燃烧。风险评价结果显示,鱼体内OCPs和PCBs生态风险低。

Organic pollutants were widely detected in marine fish in global oceans,and long-term consumption can pose certain health risks to humans.To study the pollution characteristics,50 fish were collected in Xisha,China,in which Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were determined by GC-MS.It was found that OCPs,PAHs and PCBs concentrations in fish ranged from 2.23-91.57ng/g ww,2.11-31.70ng/g ww and 1.55-54.04ng/g ww,respectively.The ratios of DDTs/(DDE+DDD)>1 in 50%of fish.The ratio of ANT/(ANT+PHE)>0.1 in 88%of fish and the ratio of FL/(FL+PYR)>0.5 in 100%of fish.Using the ILCR model to evaluate the ecological risk of fish,the ILCR values of organic pollutants in most fish were below 1×10^(−6).