数字时代基于数字能力提升的权利实现进路研究

Approaches on Realization of Rights in the Digital Era Based on Digital Competence Enhancement

网络化、智能化和数字化导致数字时代权利实现的条件发生深刻变革。权利义务实现的场景重建、公民自由受到限制、社会参与和司法救济能力的差异是数字时代权利实现的系统性挑战。在数字时代,实现从自然公民向数字公民转型,保障数字权利的实现,不仅需要自然人具有权利能力和行为能力,更需要从法律层面强调数字能力的概念。基于此,为了回应数字时代权利实现的复杂境遇,需要培养和提升公民相应的数字能力,强化数字权利的制度保障。这就需要从塑造数字公民精神、提升公民数字能力、完善数字权利实现的制度保障、提供畅通的权利救济渠道四个方面入手,探索基于数字能力提升的权利实现的法治化策略。

Networking,intelligence and digitization leads to profound changes in the conditions for the realization of rights in the digital era,and the reconstruction of the scene for the realization of rights and obligations,the restriction of civil liberties,and the differences in social participation and judicial relief capacity are the systemic challenges to the realization of rights in the digital era.To realize the transition from natural citizens to digital citizens in the digital era and to guarantee the realization of digital rights,it is not only necessary for natural persons to have the right capacity and behavioral capacity,but it is also necessary to emphasize the concept of digital capacity from the legal level.In the legal sense,digital capacity includes not only the ability to use digital resources,but also the ability to participate in digital activities,the ability to act digitally,the ability to protect digital resources,the ability to negotiate digital resources and the ability to remedy digital rights.Therefore,in order to respond to the complex situation of rights protection in the digital era,it is necessary to cultivate and enhance the corresponding digital capacity of citizens and strengthen the institutional guarantee of“digital human rights”.This requires exploring the rule of law strategy for the realization of rights based on the enhancement of digital capacity in four aspects:shaping the spirit of digital citizenship,improving citizens’digital capacity,perfecting the institutional guarantee for the realization of digital rights,and providing a smooth channel for the relief of rights.At the same time,the enhancement of citizens’digital capacity does not only include the formulation of rules,but also involves technical support,institutional design,personnel training and other multilevel and multi-faceted issues,which is a complex system.It is also necessary for our country to learn valuable experience from extra-territorial practice to help with the cultivation and enhancement of citizens’digital competence,and then promote the rule of law and modernization of digital social governance in China.