间充质干细胞外泌体通过调控巨噬细胞治疗急性肺损伤机制的研究进展

Research Progress of Mechanism of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Regulating Macrophages in Treatment of Acute Lung Injury

急性肺损伤(ALI)是一种严重的肺部损伤和呼吸功能衰竭病症,目前主要治疗手段为机械通气和液体管理等对症治疗。由于缺乏有效的治疗策略,大多数ALI患者的预后不佳。近年来,间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植作为一种细胞疗法正在进行广泛的临床试验评估,其中包括ALI的治疗,同时相关体内动物模型的研究也快速增加。外泌体可通过多种机制调节巨噬细胞极化、自噬、焦亡等,并通过下调相关信号通路减轻ALI。MSCs衍生的细胞外泡包括外泌体和微泡,其中MSCs外泌体参与的细胞间相互作用可以影响组织对损伤、感染和疾病的反应。

Acute lung injury(ALI)is a serious lung injury and respiratory failure disease,and the current main treatment methods include symptomatic treatment such as mechanical ventilation and fluid management.Due to the lack of effective treatment strategies,the prognosis of most ALI patients is poor.In recent years,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)transplantation as a cell therapy has been extensively evaluated in clinical trials,including the treatment of ALI,and the research on related in vivo animal models has also rapidly increased.Exosomes can regulate macrophage polarization,autophagy,pyroptosis through various mechanisms,and alleviate ALI by downregulating related signaling pathways.The extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs include exosomes and microbubbles,and the intercellular interactions in which MSCs exosomes participate can affect tissue responses to injury,infection,and disease.